江西居民膳食中铝的暴露风险评估

目的 了解江西居民膳食中铝暴露水平，分析居民膳食中铝的主要来源并评估其健康风险。方法 对江西省八类共1 686件食品中铝含量进行调查，结合2020年江西居民食物消费量数据，应用点评估模型和安全限值法（MOS），对江西居民铝的暴露量及健康风险进行评估。结果 八类食品中铝的平均值为5.96 mg/kg，江西居民铝的每日平均暴露量为0.137 mg/(kg·d),MOS值为0.480，每日偏高暴露量(P95)为0.366 mg/(kg·d),MOS值为1.281。如果严格执行GB2760—2014中铝限量标准，江西省居民膳食中铝的每日平均暴露量和偏高暴露量下降幅度分别为33.9%、26.5%。铝摄入主要来源前三位食品为食用菌、蔬菜、谷类。结论 江西省大部分居民通过日常膳食摄入铝处于可接受水平，但高暴露人群铝的暴露量已超过健康指导值，存在一定健康风险，尤其对食用菌喜爱的人，应注意控制饮食摄入。

Risk assessment on the dietary exposure of aluminum in Jiangxi residents

Objective To investigate the dietary aluminum exposure level of Jiangxi residents, analyze the main sources of dietary aluminum, and assess their health risks. Methods The aluminum content of 1 686 food samples from 8 categories in Jiangxi Province was investigated. Combined with the food consumption data of Jiangxi residents in 2020, the aluminum exposure and health risks of Jiangxi residents were assessed by using the point assessment model and margin of safety (MOS). Results The average value of aluminum in 8 kinds of food was 5.96 mg/kg. The average daily exposure of Jiangxi residents was 0.137 mg/(kg·bw), the MOS value was 0.480, the daily high exposure (P95) was 0.366 mg/(kg·bw), and the MOS value was 1.281. If the aluminum limit standard in GB 2760—2014 was strictly implemented, the daily average exposure and high exposure of aluminum would decrease by 33.9% and 26.5%, respectively. The top three sources of aluminum intake in resident diets were edible fungi, vegetables, and cereals. Conclusion The aluminum intake of most residents in Jiangxi Province through daily diet is acceptable, but the high exposure of aluminum has exceeded the health guidance value, causing potential health risks. Those who have preference for edible fungi should pay attention to controlling dietary intake.