Standardization of depression measurement: a common metric was developed for 11 self-report depression measures |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf & Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany & Dehnhaide 120, 22081 Hamburg, Germany;2. Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Gothersgade 160, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark;3. QualityMetric, 24 Allbion Road, Lincoln 02865, RI, USA;4. Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstr. 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany;5. Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstr. 13a, 10117 Berlin, Germany;6. Schön Klinik Bad Bramstedt, Birkenweg 10, 24576 Bad Bramstedt, Germany;7. Schön Klinik Roseneck, Am Roseneck 6, 83209 Prien am Chiemsee, Germany;8. Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;9. Schön Klinik Starnberger See, Münchner Straße 23-29, 82335 Berg, Germany;10. Saxon Hospital for Psychiatry and Neurology, Bahnhofstr. 1, 08228 Rodewisch, Germany;11. Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;12. Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, UMASS Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, The Albert Sherman Center, Worcester, MA 01605, USA |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesTo provide a standardized metric for the assessment of depression severity to enable comparability among results of established depression measures.Study Design and SettingA common metric for 11 depression questionnaires was developed applying item response theory (IRT) methods. Data of 33,844 adults were used for secondary analysis including routine assessments of 23,817 in- and outpatients with mental and/or medical conditions (46% with depressive disorders) and a general population sample of 10,027 randomly selected participants from three representative German household surveys.ResultsA standardized metric for depression severity was defined by 143 items, and scores were normed to a general population mean of 50 (standard deviation = 10) for easy interpretability. It covers the entire range of depression severity assessed by established instruments. The metric allows comparisons among included measures. Large differences were found in their measurement precision and range, providing a rationale for instrument selection. Published scale-specific threshold scores of depression severity showed remarkable consistencies across different questionnaires.ConclusionAn IRT-based instrument-independent metric for depression severity enables direct comparisons among established measures. The "common ruler" simplifies the interpretation of depression assessment by identifying key thresholds for clinical and epidemiologic decision making and facilitates integrative psychometric research across studies, including meta-analysis. |
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| Keywords: | Depression Patient-reported outcomes Item response theory Item bank Linking Health outcome assessment |
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