Physical fitness in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: Measurement matters |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Suite F45: Old Main Building, Groote Schuur Hospital, Main Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town 8000, South Africa;2. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Tervuursevest 101, Postbox 1501, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium;3. Avans + University of Professionals, Department of Physiotherapy, Heerbaan 14-40, Postbox 2087, 4800 CB Breda, The Netherlands;4. Maastricht University Medical Centre, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine & Adelante Center of Expertise in Rehabilitation & Audiology, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;1. Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;2. Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;3. Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;4. CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Canada;5. School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;6. Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;1. Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;2. Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Niagara Regional Campus, McMaster University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada;3. Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;4. Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada;1. Research Unit EM2S: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé” ISSEP, Sfax, Tunisia;2. Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles, Unité d’Effort Cardio-pulmonaire, Hôpital Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia;3. Departments of Family Medicine and Kinesiology, The Infant Child Health (INCH) Research Lab, and The CanChild Centre for Studies in Childhood Disability, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;4. Research Unit Neuropediatry UR.0805, Hedi Chaker Hosîtal Faculty of Medicine, Sfax, Tunisia;1. Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada;2. Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;1. Developmental and Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2-1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands;2. Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Gebouw De Nayer (GDN), Tervuursevest 101 bus 1501, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium;3. Faculty of Behavior and Society Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands;1. Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada;2. Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) experience considerable difficulties coordinating and controlling their body movements during functional motor tasks. Thus, it is not surprising that children with DCD do not perform well on tests of physical fitness. The aim of this study was to determine whether deficits in motor coordination influence the ability of children with DCD to perform adequately on physical fitness tests. A case–control study design was used to compare the performance of children with DCD (n = 70, 36 boys, mean age = 8y 1mo) and Typically Developing (TD) children (n = 70, 35 boys, mean age = 7y 9mo) on measures of isometric strength (hand-held dynamometry), functional strength, i.e. explosive power and muscular endurance (Functional Strength Measurement), aerobic capacity (20 m Shuttle Run Test) and anaerobic muscle capacity, i.e. muscle power (Muscle Power Sprint Test). Results show that children with DCD were able to generate similar isometric forces compared to TD children in isometric break tests, but were significantly weaker in three-point grip strength. Performance on functional strength items requiring more isolated explosive movement of the upper extremities, showed no significant difference between groups while items requiring muscle endurance (repetitions in 30 s) and items requiring whole body explosive movement were all significantly different. Aerobic capacity was lower for children with DCD whereas anaerobic performance during the sprint test was not. Our findings suggest that poor physical fitness performance in children with DCD may be partly due to poor timing and coordination of repetitive movements. |
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| Keywords: | Physical fitness Strength Anaerobic muscle capacity Muscle power Aerobic capacity Developmental Coordination Disorder South Africa |
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