我国退休人员抑郁现状及影响因素的性别差异研究

目的 分析我国退休人员的抑郁现状及其影响因素，并进行性别差异比较。方法 基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2018年的数据，纳入1 438名退休人员，运用χ²检验和二元logistic回归分析不同性别退休人员抑郁状况及影响因素的差异。结果 我国退休人员的抑郁发生率为24.9%，女性高于男性(30.5%vs. 20.2%,χ²=20.455,P<0.001)。自评健康状况不好、日常生活能力受损、睡眠时间短是男性和女性退休人员抑郁的共同影响因素。居住地区为中部(OR=1.574,95%CI:1.009～2.455)是女性退休人员抑郁特有的危险因素，年龄60～69岁(OR=0.546,95%CI:0.343～0.869)、有社交活动(OR=0.621,95%CI:0.414～0.931)是女性退休人员特有的保护因素。结论 我国退休人员的抑郁状况存在着明显的性别差异，女性退休人员的抑郁发生率更高，且影响因素更复杂，应为不同性别的退休人员制定有针对性的抑郁防治措施。

Gender difference of depression status and influencing factors among retirees in China

Objective To investigate the current status of depression in Chinese retirees and its influencing factors, and to make a comparison between genders. Methods Based on the data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018, totally 1 438 retirees were included. The χ2 test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the differences of depression status and influencing factors among retirees of different genders. Results The incidence of depression in Chinese retirees was 24.9%, which was higher in females than in males (30.5% vs. 20.2%, χ2=20.455, P<0.001). Poor self-rated health status, impaired ability of daily living, and short sleep duration were common influencing factors of depression in male and female retirees. Living in the central region (OR=1.574, 95%CI: 1.009-2.455) was a specific risk factor for depression among female retirees. Age of 60 to 69 years (OR=0.546, 95%CI: 0.343-0.869) and having social activities (OR=0.621, 95%CI: 0.414-0.931) were the specific protective factors for female retirees. Conclusion There are significant gender differences in the depression status of Chinese retirees. The incidence of depression in female retirees is higher, and the influencing factors are more complex. Targeted prevention and treatment measures should be formulated for retirees of different genders.