Examining the relationship between motor assessments and handwriting consistency in children with and without probable Developmental Coordination Disorder |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;2. Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;3. Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;4. CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Canada;5. School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;6. Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;1. Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126 Milan, Italy;2. Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Giovanni Celoria, 11, 20133 Milan, Italy;1. Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;2. Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia;1. Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;2. Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;1. Sint Maartenskliniek, Afdeling Research Development and Education, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;2. Avansplus, University for Professionals, Heerbaan 14-40, 4817 NL Breda, The Netherlands;3. Ghent University and Arteveldehogeschool, Campus Heymans 2B3, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium;4. Motor Control Laboratory, Research Center for Movement Control and Neuroplasticity, Dep. of Kinesiology, University of Leuven, De Nayer kamer 02.11, Tervuurse Vest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) often experience difficulties in handwriting. The current study examined the relationships between three motor assessments and the spatial and temporal consistency of handwriting. Twelve children with probable DCD and 29 children from 7 to 12 years who were typically developing wrote the lowercase letters “e” and “l” in cursive and printed forms repetitively on a digitizing tablet. Three behavioral assessments, including the Beery–Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI), the Minnesota Handwriting Assessment (MHA) and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC), were administered. Children with probable DCD had low scores on the VMI, MABC and MHA and showed high temporal, not spatial, variability in the letter-writing task. Their MABC scores related to temporal consistency in all handwriting conditions, and the Legibility scores in their MHA correlated with temporal consistency in cursive “e” and printed “l”. It appears that children with probable DCD have prominent difficulties on the temporal aspect of handwriting. While the MHA is a good product-oriented assessment for measuring handwriting deficits, the MABC shows promise as a good assessment for capturing the temporal process of handwriting in children with DCD. |
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