原发性肝癌相关病因的探讨

原发性肝癌(PHC)是位居世界第五位的最常见恶性肿瘤,它的发生率几乎就等于其死亡率.其相关危险因素至今仍不是完全清楚.国内外早年均有文献报道了PHC与乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)之间的因果关系,并且从分子生物学角度阐述了它们两者之间的发生机制.因而,HBV导致PHC已经得到了国内外学者的一致肯定.近年来丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)与PHC之间的关系也引起了国内外学者的关注,并且也有相当多的文献报道了HCV能引起PHC.除了两种肝炎病毒可以引起PHC外,有学者研究发现,重度饮酒也会导致PHC,尤其是对已有HBV感染的病人,重度饮酒是导致其发生PHC的一个重要的危险因素.同时,流行病学还证实,PHC有家族/家庭聚集现象,提示PHC可能具有遗传学上的特点.除了上述肝脏疾病的病因外,环境致病因素在PHC的发生发展中也起着不可或缺的作用.早年就有报道黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)可以诱发肝癌.不仅如此,有研究表明糖尿病病人也较容易发生PHC.在基因水平上有学者发现凋亡抑制基因Survivin可以促进PHC的形成.

Investigation on Related Factors of Primary Hepatic Cancer

Primary hepatic cancer (PHC) is the fifth most common tumor world wide,with an incidence almost equal to the death rate.However,the related risk factors of PHC are not really clear.There are a lot of literatures to report the conse- quence of PHC and hepatitis B virus (HBV) both in home and abroad,and to expound the mechanism of each other from mo- lecular biology angle.So the viewpoint that HBV can induce PHC obtains the domestic and foreign scientists identical opin- ions.In the recent years the relationships between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and PHC also arouse the domestic and foreign sci- entists' interests,and also have many reports about HCV induced PHC.Besides two kinds of hepatitis virus may cause PHC, some scientists discover that the heavy spirit drinking is also able to induce PHC.Among the patients with HBV infection, heavy alcohol intake is an important risk factor that accelerate the development of PHC.In addition,epidemiology survey re- veals PHC has the familial clustering phenomenon,and prompts PHC possibly has the genetics predisposing effects.Besides the etiology of liver disease,environmental risk factors have been demonstrated their important roles in the development of PHC.It is reported that the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a carcinogen that inducing the liver cancer.Futhermore,research also sug- gests that diabetic is more vulnerable to PHC.On the gene level,some scientists discover that the apoptosis suppression gene Survivin may promote the PHC development.