胎儿肾脏多囊性疾病的产前超声诊断与分型

目的探讨胎儿肾脏多囊性疾病（FPDK）的产前超声分型特征及其临床价值。方法对经引产证实或随访证实的54例FPDK胎儿的产前超声声像图特征进行回顾性分析。结果产前超声诊断的54例FPDK胎儿中婴儿型多囊肾（PotterⅠ型）2例,均为双侧,引产后证实;多囊性发育不良肾（PotterⅡ型）41例,11例引产后证实,30例产后婴幼儿存活;成人型多囊肾（PotterⅢ型）2例,均为双侧,1例引产后证实,1例产后新生儿期死亡;梗阻性囊性发育不良肾（PotterⅣ型）9例,6例引产后证实,3例产后婴幼儿存活,手术切除患肾。结论超声检查是检出FP-DK的可靠方法,FPDK产前超声诊断及分型诊断准确率高,是产前早期发现胎儿肾脏多囊性疾病的首要检查方法。

Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis and typing of fetal polycystic and dysplastic kidneys

Objective To explore the clinical value of prenatal ultrasonography for the diagnosis and typing of fetal polycystic and dysplastic kidneys（FPDK）.Methods A total of 54 of FPDK were confirmed by odinopoeia or follow-up,and the data was retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 54 fetuses of polycystic and dysplastic kidneys,there were 2 of Potter typeⅠ,41 of Potter typeⅡ,2 of Potter type Ⅲ,and 9 of Potter type Ⅳ.Two of PotterⅠwere confirmed by odinopoeia;PotterⅡwere confirmed in 11 by odinopoeia,and 30 live births;PotterⅢwas one confirmed by odinopoeia,and one neonatal died;PotterⅣ was confirmed in 6 fetuses by odinopoeia,and 3 live births survived after post-natal surgery.Conclusion Ultrasound examination is a reliable method for the diagnosis of FPDK.Prenatal ultrasonography has a high accuracy rate for the diagnosis of FPDK and its typing.It is the first choice to detect FPDK early in pregnancy.