多壁碳纳米管致大鼠急性肺毒性

[目的]探讨多壁碳纳米管（multi-wall carbon nanotubes，MWCNTs）对Wistar大鼠的急性肺毒性作用。[方法]用脱氧核苷酸钠盐（deoxyribonucleic acid sodium salt，DNA钠盐）提高MWCNTs的分散度，设3个浓度组（2、10、20mg／mL）和空白对照组及溶剂对照组，采用气管滴注的方法染毒，一次滴注量为1．5mL／kg体重，每天1次，连续滴注3d，染毒结束后24h，计算肺灌洗液中各类白细胞百分比，测定乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、灌洗液中总蛋白（TP）等细胞毒性及谷胱苷肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物岐化物（SOD）等细胞氧化损伤指标，并观察肺病理改变。[结果]中、高剂量染毒组肺灌洗液中细胞分类计数中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞较对照组有不同程度的升高，差异有统计学意义；随着染毒剂量的增加，肺泡灌洗液中TP、AKP、LDH和MDA含量随之升高，而GSH和SOD含量随之降低，且各个指标的变化呈一定的剂量-效应关系。肺组织病理显示炎症性病变，主要表现为单核细胞和淋巴细胞浸润，尘细胞聚集，黏膜损伤和血管出血等。[结论]MWCNTs具有致大鼠急性肺毒性的作用。

Acute Pulmonary Toxicity of Multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes in Rats

[ Objective ] To study the acute pulmonary toxicity of multi-wall carbon nanotubes （ MWCNTs ） in rats. [ Methods ] Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups and were administrated by intratracheal instillation with saline, solvent control, 2 mg/mL MWCNTs, 10 mg/mL MWCNTs and 20mg/mL MWCNTs, respectively. The indices in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid（ BALF ）were determined, including lactate dehydrogenase （ LDH ）, alkaline phosphatase （ AKP ）, total protein （ TP ）, glutathion （ GSH ）, malonaldehyde（ MDA ）, superoxide dismutase（ SOD ）and cell differential analysis. The pathological change in lung of rats exposed MWCNTs were also observed. [ Results ] Compared with saline control and solvent control, the percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and lymphocytes in BALF were increased significantly after exposed to middle and high dosage of MWCNTs. The level of TP, AKP, LDH and MDA in exposed groups＇ BALF were higher, while the GSH and SOD level were lower than two control groups with a significant doseoeffect relationship, especially the high dose group which accorded with the inflammatory change in lung of rats exposed to MWCNTs. [ Conclusion ] MWCNTs induce acute pulmonary toxicity in rats.