Patterns of substance use among methadone maintenance patients. Indicators of outcome.

Critics often cite the use of illicit drugs among methadone maintenance patients as evidence of this treatment modality's failure. The fact that methadone maintenance treatment does not lead quickly to abstinence in most clients can be a disappointment to treatment professionals and the public. By studying a cohort of 41 patients for their first year in a methadone maintenance program, this study revealed significant trends of diminished narcotic and cocaine use. However, increased benzodiazepine use was also identified. More importantly, this study patterns of drug using that predicted less drug use at the end of one year of treatment. These findings reflect the need for additional research to clarify the meaning of illicit drug use by methadone maintenance patients. In addition, the implications for providing, stopping, and determining effective drug treatment are discussed.