利用活性炭吸附法从一叶萩中分离提取一叶萩碱的研究

1.証明自苏联引种的、在北京地区生长的一叶萩叶中含有一叶萩碱。2.研究了影响活性炭吸附一叶萩总生物碱的各种因素,发現当渗漉液pH在8.0—10.2时,活性炭吸附一叶萩总生物碱的量最多;温度增高时,不利于吸附;渗漉液中总生物碱含量越高,被吸附量也就越高;活性炭用量增加时,从同一浓度的渗漉液中吸附的总生物碱量亦增加。3.研究了从活性炭中洗脫一叶萩总生物碱的适宜洗脫剂及洗脫条件,証明氯仿是比硫酸較为理想的洗脫剂。增加温度,可以增加总生物碱的洗脫量。4.根据一系列的研究結果,制訂了利用活性炭吸附法分离提取一叶萩碱的实驗室生产方法,并按此方法进行了实驗室小量試制。所得产品熔点为139.5—140.5℃,产率为35.7—36.5%(按原料中总生物碱的含量計算)。

STUDIES ON THE EXTRACTION AND ISOLATION OF SECURININE FROM SECURINEGA SUFFRUTICOSA(PALL.)REHD.BY ADSORPTION WITH ACTIVE CARBON

Securinine, an alkaloid from Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehd., has a stimulant action on the central nervous system. It is being used in many clinics of the USSR as a stimulant during the restorative period of acute poliomyelitis and in treatment of disturbances in motor and nervous functions. The present paper reports the use of active carbon for the isolation of sccurinine from the leaves of the plant as grown in Peking with seeds from the USSR. Ninety-four percent of the total alkaloids could be extracted by wetting the air-dried leaves for two hours with 0.3% H₂SO₄, and then percolating till the weight of percolate was 10 times that of the leaves. Adsorption of total alkaloids from the percolate by active carbon was best carried out at room temperature and pH 8—10.2. Chloroform was found to be a good desorbent. Raising the temperature increased the quantity desorbed. According to these results, a procedure for the isolation of securinine has been proposed, and small scale runs gave yields of 35.7—36.5% (based upon the total alkaloid content of the leaves) with m.p. 139.5—140.5℃.