Oxidative stress and cytotoxicity generated by dental composites in human pulp cells |
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Authors: | Stephanie Krifka Claudia Seidenader Karl-Anton Hiller Gottfried Schmalz Helmut Schweikl |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Regensburg Medical Centre, Franz Josef Strauβ Allee 11, 93042 Regensburg, Germany; |
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Abstract: | Dental composites are a source of residual monomers that are released into the oral environment. Since monomers act on cultured
cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS), we hypothesized that composites generate ROS associated with cytotoxicity. Human
pulp-derived cells were exposed to extracts of methacrylate-based materials including triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-free composites (Tetric Ceram, Tetric EvoCeram, els, els flow, Solitaire 2) and a silorane-based
composite (Hermes III). The materials were polymerized in the presence and absence of a polyester film and then extracted
in culture medium. The generation of ROS was measured by flow cytometry, and cytotoxicity was determined as well. Methacrylate-based
composites reduced cell survival but varied in efficiency. Undiluted extracts of Solitaire 2 specimens prepared in the absence
of a polyester film reduced cell survival to 26% compared with untreated cultures. Cytotoxicity was reduced when specimens
were covered with a polyester film during preparation. Cytotoxicity of the composites was ranked as follows: Solitaire 2 >> els
flow > Tetric Ceram = Tetric EvoCeram = els > Hermes III. The generation of ROS followed the same pattern as detected with
cytotoxic effects. A positive correlation was found between ROS production and cell survival caused by extracts made from
materials not covered with a polyester film. These findings suggest that components released from composites affect cellular
signaling networks through ROS formation. Regenerative and reparative capacities of the dentine–pulp complex may be impaired
by biologically active resin monomers released from composite restorations. |
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