无锡某社区14岁以下儿童乙肝疫苗接种及乙肝病毒感染情况调查分析

目的了解儿童乙肝疫苗接种及乙肝病毒（HBV）感染情况,为制定或调整乙肝疫苗接种策略提供依据。方法随机选取无锡市某社区534名1-14岁常住儿童作为调查对象,对其进行乙肝疫苗接种情况问卷调查,并通过酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测血清中乙肝病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）、乙肝病毒表面抗体（抗-HBs）和乙肝病毒核心抗体（抗-HBc）三项指标。结果该社区1-14岁儿童乙肝疫苗接种率和首针及时接种率分别为97.75%和91.57%,6岁以下两组儿童乙肝疫苗接种率和首针及时接种率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,7-14岁儿童乙肝疫苗接种率和首针及时接种率均低于1-6岁儿童（P〈0.01）;HBV感染率随年龄增长呈递增趋势,1-6岁儿童HBV感染率低于7-14岁儿童（P〈0.05）。结论近年来无锡市儿童乙型肝炎防治效果显著,加强儿童乙肝疫苗接种工作,特别是提高疫苗接种率对于防治HBV感染意义重大。

Investigation and analysis of hepatitis B vaccine injection and immune effect on children under the age of 14 years old

Objective To investigate the infection rate of HBV vaccine and the immune effect on children. Methods Five hundred and thirtyfour resident children aged from 1 to 14 years old at a community of Wuxi were randomly selected and the situation of hepatitis B vaccine inoculation was surveyed with questionnaires,and the three indexes including HBsAg,the situation of Hepatitis B vaccination anti-HBs and anti-HBc in sera were detected with ELISA. Results Among the children aged from 1 to 14 years old at the community,the hepatitis B vaccine inoculation rate and timely birth dose were97. 75% and 91. 57% respectively,the rates of which in the two groups under the age of 6 years had no significant difference（ P〈0.05）,but the rates of hepatitis B vaccine inoculation rate and timely birth dose in children in 7 to 14 years age group were lower than that of 1 to 6 years age group（ P〈0.01）. Moreover,hepatitis B vaccine inoculation rate and the timely birth dose increased with age,but HBV infection rate in 1 to 6 years age group was lower than that of 7 to 14 years age group（ P〈0.05）. Conclusion There has been significant improvement in hepatitis B prevention among the city children at Wuxi. It is of great significance for the prevention of HBV infection to strengthen vaccination among children with hepatitis B vaccines,and especially to increase the timely birth dose rate.