山东省麻疹疫苗强化免疫效果的流行病学评价

目的加速控制麻疹.方法根据对山东省麻疹疫情的预测分析,于1999年对8月龄～7岁儿童完成一次麻疹疫苗强化免疫,报告接种率95.67%.结果强化免疫后,麻疹发病率大幅下降,整个流行期较1999年同期下降46.23%,与上一个流行周期(1995/1996年度)过后同期下降幅度(18.71%)相比,二者差异有非常显著性(u2=10.24,P＜0.01);7岁以下儿童发病率显著降低,而7～14岁儿童发病构成比相对增加;由于受大年龄组儿童暴发的影响,虽发病高峰削弱不明显,但高峰持续时间明显缩短.结论在常规免疫的基础上,开展大规模的强化免疫,对控制麻疹效果显著.建议适时调整强化免疫策略,进一步降低麻疹发病率.

Epidemiological Evaluation on the Effect of Measles Vaccine Mass Immunization Campaign in Shandong Province.

Objective In order to accelerate measles control in Shandong province.Methods a mass immunization campaign with measles vaccine for children aged 8 months to 7 years old was carried out according to the forecast of measles incidence.Results The reported immunization coverage rate was 95.67%.The results of epidemiological evaluation showed that the morbidity of measles decreased greatly (46.23%) after the campaign which was significant different from the range of decreasing (18.7%) during the same period in 1995/19%; the constituent ratio of measles incidence decreased in population aged < 7years old but increased in population aged 7 - 14 years old; in spite of there was the seasonal peak still affected by the outbreak in the groups aged 7 - 14 years old, the lasting time of it was shorted markedly. All of the data indicated that the effect of mass immunization campaign with measles vaccine was significant.Conclusion It suggested that mass immunization campaign should be adjusted timely so as to control measles better.