PD-1/PD-L1抑制途径与自身免疫性糖尿病

PD-1(CD279)是一种负性协同刺激分子,属于CD28超家族成员,呈诱导性表达于活化的T、B和自然杀伤细胞表面.PD-L1(B7-H1,CD274)和PD-L2(B7-DC,CD273)是PD-1的两个配体.PD-1和PD-L1相互作用可以使活化的自身反应性T细胞获得负性信号,抑制其对自身抗原持续的免疫应答.若PD...

PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory pathway and autoimmune diabetes

Programmed death-1 (PD-1,CD279),a member of CD28 superfamily,is inducibly expressed on activated T cells, B cells and natural killer T cells. PD-1 has two ligands: PD-L1 (B7-H1,CD274) and PD-L2 (B7-DC, CD273). The interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 can provide autoreactive T cells with negative signals so as to inhibit the persistent immune reaction to self-antigens. Deficiency or blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory pathway may initiate excessive proliferation and activation of autoreactive T cells. This can lead to immunological injury of autologous tissue and further result in various clinical manifestations of autoimmune disease in the host. It has been noticed that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory pathway is involved in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diabetes. Islet-specific autoreactive T cells could be activated continuously and cause pancreatic tissue injury when the negative inhibitory signal of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway was blocked by the special monoclonal antibodies. This may impair the function of pancreatic β cells in insulin secretion and cause the abnormality in glucose metabolism and regulation in diabetic host.