Ochratoxin A in human sera in the area with endemic nephropathy in Croatia

Ochratoxin A (OA) is nephrotoxic fungal metabolite (mycotoxin) occurring in foodstuffs. The compound is causally associated with mycotoxin porcine nephropathy, a disease comparable with a human kidney disease called endemic nephropathy (EN). In this paper we presented results obtained over a 10-year period in the hyperendemic village Kaniža, and in control villages where no clinical cases of nephropathy had been found. In the hyperendemic village Kaniža and non-endemic villages the incidence of OA in human blood was up to 4.5% (range 2–50 ng/ml) and up to 2.4% (range 2–10 ng/ml), respectively. Almost all samples of food and feed, collected randomly in the hyperendemic village were found to contain OA. Considering marked exposure to OA in Kaniža, it was assumed that incidence of EN in this population could be related to OA contamination of food and feed. Ireland Ltd.