纤维支气管镜下高频电刀联合气管支架加后装放疗治疗恶性气道狭窄疗效及安全性

目的 探讨纤维支气管镜下高频电刀联合气管支架加后装放疗治疗肺癌、食管癌所致气道狭窄的疗效及安全性.方法 选取治疗前经纤维支气管镜检查诊断为气管或支气管重度狭窄的肺癌、食管癌患者52例.经纤维支气管镜观察患者病变位置、大小、血供、管腔狭窄程度及长度,在直视下采用高频电刀、电凝、圈套器等方法对腔内病变进行凝固、清除,并予以支架放置.根据患者具体治疗情况分为支架组和支架联合放疗组,每组26例,后者术后行后装放疗,观察两组患者的近期临床疗效、气促指数分级、气道再狭窄发生率及发生时间、生存期、生存率.结果 52例患者治疗后气促、狭窄段气道直径均明显改善,治疗后近期总有效率100.0％( 52/52).两组近期临床疗效比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组患者治疗前后气促指数分级比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).两组再狭窄发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但再狭窄发生时间支架联合放疗组明显比支架组长,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).支架联合放疗组治疗后6、9个月的生存率明显高于支架组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而治疗后3、12个月的生存率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 纤维支气管镜下高频电刀联合气管支架治疗,术后行后装放疗,治疗肺癌、食管癌所致中央气道狭窄近期疗效满意,安全性较好.

Effectiveness and safety of high frequency electronic associating stents insertion and subsequent radiotherapy guided by fiberoptic bronchoscope in treating malignant tracheobronchial stenosis

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of high frequency electronic associating stents insertion and subsequent radiotherapy guided by fiberoptic bronchoscope in treating tracheobronchial stenosis caused by lung and esophagus carcinoma.Methods Fifty-two patients which were ascertained with serious stenosis in trachea or bronchi by fiberoptic bronchoscope were subjected to the study.Fiberoptic bronchoscope was used to investigate the location,extent,blood supply and the degree of tracheobronchial stenosis before the study.After the focus in the airways was cleared up with high frequency electronic,electrocoagulation and snare under the guide of the euthyphoria of fiberoptic bronchoscope,Ni-Ti memory alloy stents were placed into the stenosis airways.The 52 patients were divided into two groups with 26 cases each:the stent group and the stent associating radiotherapy group (radiotherapy group).The later group accepted subsequent radiotherapy after the therapy.The following indexes of the two groups were investigated:short-time clinical effect,dyspnea index class,rate and average time of airway restenosis,life span and survival rate.Results After therapy,the 52 patients had obvious improvements in dyspnea and the diameter of the stenosis airways.The short-time total effective rate was 100.0％ (52/52),but there was not significant difference between the two groups(P＞ 0.05 ).After therapy,there was significant difference in two groups in dyspnea index class (P ＜ 0.01 ).Although there was not significant difference in the rate of airway restenosis between the two groups (P＞0.05),the average time of airway restenosis in the radiotherapy group was obviously longer than that in the stent group(P＜ 0.01 ).The survival rate of the radiotherapy group in the 6th and 9th month after therapy was higher than that in the stent group (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant differenee in the 3rd and 12th month (P ＞0.05).Conclusion High frequency electronic associating stents insertion and subsequent radiotherapy guided by fiberoptic bronchoscope is an effective and safe treatment for the patients suffering tracheobronchial stenosis caused by lung and esophagus carcinoma.