Determinants of myocardial energetics and efficiency in symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
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Authors: | Stefan A J Timmer Tjeerd Germans Marco J W Götte Iris K Rüssel Pieter A Dijkmans Mark Lubberink Jurrien M ten Berg Folkert J ten Cate Adriaan A Lammertsma Paul Knaapen Albert C van Rossum |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Cardiology, 5F, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2. Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 3. Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands 4. Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract: | Purpose Next to hypertrophy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by alterations in myocardial energetics. A small number of studies have shown that myocardial external efficiency (MEE), defined by external work (EW) in relation to myocardial oxidative metabolism (MVO2), is reduced. The present study was conducted to identify determinants of MEE in patients with HCM by use of dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Methods Twenty patients with HCM (12 men, mean age: 55.2 ± 13.9 years) and 11 healthy controls (7 men, mean age: 48.1 ± 10 years) were studied with 11C]acetate PET to assess MVO2. CMR was performed to determine left ventricular (LV) volumes and mass (LVM). Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to determine independent predictors of myocardial efficiency. Results Between study groups, MVO2 (controls: 0.12 ± 0.04 ml·min?1·g?1, HCM: 0.13 ± 0.05 ml·min?1·g?1, p = 0.64) and EW (controls: 9,139 ± 2,484 mmHg·ml, HCM: 9,368 ± 2,907 mmHg·ml, p = 0.83) were comparable, whereas LVM was significantly higher (controls: 99 ± 21 g, HCM: 200 ± 76 g, p < 0.001) and MEE was decreased in HCM patients (controls: 35 ± 8%, HCM: 21 ± 10%, p < 0.001). MEE was related to stroke volume (SV), LV outflow tract gradient, NH2-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and serum free fatty acid levels (all p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that SV (ß = 0.74, p < 0.001) and LVM (ß = ?0.43, p = 0.013) were independently related to MEE. Conclusion HCM is characterized by unaltered MVO2, impaired EW generation per gram of myocardial tissue and subsequent deteriorated myocardial efficiency. Mechanical external efficiency could independently be predicted by SV and LVM. |
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