广州珠江河口地区水体中副溶血弧菌定量研究

目的了解广州珠江河口地区不同生态环境中副溶血弧菌的分布情况，为副溶血弧菌型食物中毒防控提供可靠的依据。方法2008年7月至2009年6月，根据广州珠江河口地区水网主要特征对南沙区内25个采水点（海水10个、河涌水15个）及10家养殖场、2家餐厅养殖水样的副溶血弧菌污染情况进行监测；海水、河涌水及养殖场分别对深层水与浅表水水样进行监测；海水、河涌水每月采集涨退潮的水样各1份，养殖水每月采集1次。副溶血弧菌定量分析按照GB／T4789—2003中方法进行；部分阳性菌株采用荧光定量PCR法进行毒力基因（tdh和trh小基因）的检测。结果共检测1368份水体样品，检出副溶血弧菌阳性样品373份，总阳性检出率为27．27％，海水、河涌水、养殖水的阳性栓出率分别为30．00％（144／480）、28．61％（206／720）、13．69％（23／168）（P〈0．01）；海水、河涌水、养殖水的深层水阳性检出率分别为51．67％、25．56％、16．18％，而浅表水分别为34．17％、14．44％、12．00％，海水、河涌水的深层水与浅表水阳性检出率比较差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）；海水退潮时阳性检出率（60．00％）高于涨潮时（24．17％），河涌水涨潮时阳性检出率（39．44％）高于退潮时（29．44％）（均P〈0．01）；阳性检出率表现为6—8月最高（52．16％）；海水的副溶血弧菌阳性检出率及平均密度分别与水体pH和盐度呈正相关关系（r=0．23～0．65，P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；河涌水的副溶血弧菌阳性检出率与水体盐度呈正相关关系（r=0．27．P〈0．05）。检测其中120株菌株均未检出tdh和￡旃基因。结论广州珠江河口地区水体中副溶血弧菌污染严重，海水中阳性检出率高于其他环境水体，水体的阳性检出率与水体深度、潮汐、盐度、pH等因素有关。

Quantitative analysis of vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Pearl River Estuary of Guangzhou

Objective To study the distribution of vibrio parahaemolyticus （Vp） in various ecological environment in the Pearl River Estuary of Guangzhou and provide reliable basis for prevention and control of Vp food poisoning. Methods According to the main characteristics of the water network in Guangzhou Pearl River Estuary region, pollution situation of hemolysis vibrio in 25 water sampling points （ 10 for sea water and 15 for creek water）, 10 marine product breeding farm, and two restaurants were monitored from July 2008 to June 2009. Quantitative analysis methods were adopted in accordance with GB/T4789- 2003. Virulence genes of positive strains were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR method in time. Results A total of 373 positive samples of Vp were detected in 1 368 water samples, with a total positive rate of 27.27% . The positive detection rates of sea water, creek water, aquaculture water were 30.00% （ 144/480）, 28.61% （206/720）, and 13.69% （23/168）, respectively （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. The Dositive detection rates of deep water in sea water, creek water（51.67 % and 25.56% ）were higher than those in shallow water（34. 17% and 14.44% ）. （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. The ebb - tide positive detection rates of sea water （60. 00% ）was higher than spring tide（24. 17% ） （P 〈 0. 01 ）, but spring tide of creek water（ 39. 44% ）was higher than ebb - tide （29.44%） （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. There showed a positive correlation among Vp positive rate, the average density of positive samples of sea water and pH, salinity of water（ P 〈 0. 05, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The tdh and trh genes were not found in 120 copies of the selected strains. Conclusion The contaminated status of Vp of aquatic products and environment in the Pearl River Estuary is serious and especially in sea water. The positive detection rate of Vp was connected with water depth, tides, salinity, pH and other factors.