窦汇及上矢状窦窦腔内结构的内窥镜及显微镜解剖学特点

目的：通过内窥镜及显微镜观察成年人上矢状窦、窦汇窦腔及其内的纤维索、蛛网膜颗粒结构的解剖学形态特征。方法：取新鲜成年人头颅标本5具，去除颅盖，完整取出上矢状窦、下矢状窦、窦汇、两侧横窦及其周边硬膜，应用内窥镜观察上矢状窦、窦汇窦腔内纤维索及蛛网膜颗粒的原始结构特征，并沿窦腔上壁中线纵行剖开管腔，显微镜下观察纤维索及蛛网膜颗粒的形态结构。结果：上矢状窦管腔内纤维索分3种类型：瓣膜状（47.1％）、小梁状（30.6％）、板层状（22.3％）。蛛网膜颗粒多集中于上矢状窦中段侧壁及静脉隐窝处呈指状突起突入窦腔。上矢状窦最后段近窦汇区有纵行板层状纤维索结构，将上矢状窦最后段管腔分为左右两个单独管道，有分流和支撑作用。窦汇区腔内亦存在少量板层状纤维索结构，直窦开口常偏向右侧。结论：内窥镜较常规解剖手段可以更直接地观察窦汇及上矢状窦腔内结构的完整形态特征。

Anatomy of torcular herophili and superior sagittal sinus under endoscope and microscope

Objective: To study the chordae and arachnoid granulations in the lumen of superior sagittal sinus and torcular herophili by endoscope and microscope.Methods: Five specimens of cranium were studied by endoscope.After being removed the cranial roof,the specimens were inserted into the lumen of the sinus,then the sinuses were opened.The structure of the chordae and arachnoid granulations was detected using standard anatomical methods.Results: The chordae in the lumen of superior sagittal sinus was divided into three types: valvelike(47.1%),trabecular(30.6%) and lamellar(22.3%).Arachnoid granulations mostly appeared as digitationes at the lateral wall or lateral crypt of middle segment of superior sagittal sinus.Conclusions: Comparing with routine anatomy method,endoscope is better in studying the integrity characteristic of structure of superior sagittal sinus and torcular herophili directly.