The association between active/passive smoking and toxic metals among pregnant women in Greece |
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| Authors: | Vardavas Constantine I Patelarou Evridiki Grandér Margaretha Chatzi Leda Palm Brita Fthenou Eleni Roumeliotaki Theano Koutis Andonis Kafatos Anthony Vrijheid Martine Connolly Gregory N Murphy Sharon Vahter Marie Kogevinas Manolis |
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| Institution: | Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. vardavas@edu.med.uoc.gr |
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| Abstract: | Exposure to toxic metals during pregnancy may have detrimental effects on foetal development. We assessed the role of sociodemographic characteristics and active and passive smoking on blood concentrations of metals (As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Sb, U, Mn and Mo). Venous blood drawn from 50 pregnant women, randomly selected from the mother-child birth cohort 'Rhea'. Extensive questionnaire data on active and passive smoking were collected. Urinary cotinine was measured to validate self-reported exposure and non-smoking status. Smokers had higher concentrations of Cd (1.0 μg/L) as compared with non-smokers (0.29 μg/L, P?
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