高职大学生早餐认知态度及营养状况分析

目的了解高职大学生旱餐的认知态度和营养状况，为改善高职大学生早餐营养状况提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法，抽取697名高职大学生，进行早餐认知态度和连续3d的早餐膳食调查。结果高职大学生营养不良者占29．56％，营养过剩者占1．72％。每天吃早餐的学生占57．8％，早餐食用率女生高于男生，食品专业学生高于非食品专业学生。学生不吃早餐的原因主要是早上起床晚而担心上课迟到。仅1．4％的学生早餐营养充足，男、女生早餐质量差异无统计学意义（x^2=4．375，P〉0．05），食品专业学生早餐质量优于非食品专业学生（X2=6．490，P〈0．05）。学生多数营养素和能量的摄入均未达到膳食营养素参考摄入量（DR／S）的30％。多数学生早餐营养态度良好，愿意了解更多的早餐营养知识，并希望改变早餐不良饮食行为。结论高职大学生早餐就餐率不高，膳食结构不合理，应加强学生营养知识教育，提供合理营养早餐，改善学生早餐饮食行为。

Analysis of breakfast cognition and nutritional status of students in higher vocational school

Aim To understand the breakfast cognition and nutritional status of students in higher vocational school. Methods There 697 higher vocational school students were surveyed. Results The total malnutrition rate and overnutrition rate were 29.56% and 1.72% respectively. 57.8% of students had their breakfast daily,the ratio in girls was higher than that in boys and food professional students higher than non-food professional students. The main cause of breakfast skipping was getting up late. Only 1.4% of students had sufficient nutrition for breakfast. The nutrition of the breaskfast of food professional students was higher than that of non-food professional students （X2=6.490,P〈O.05）.The intake of energy and other nutrients were lower than 30% of the Chinese dietary reference intakes（DRIS） except iron,vitaminB1 for boys and vitaminB1 for girls. Most of the students hold a positive attitude towards breakfast nutrition,and they had a desire to master nutrition knowledge and were willing to change dietary breakfast habits for health. Conclusion The nutrition of breakfast for vereational school students is unadequate and the food structure is unreasonable .Thus effective measures be taken to protect the health of the students.