河南省部分高校毕业生就业前焦虑、抑郁及其影响因素分析

目的探讨高校毕业生就业前心理状况及影响因素,为毕业生就业前心理健康教育和心理咨询提供依据。方法采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)作为测评工具,对1 452名河南高校毕业生进行焦虑、抑郁情绪测定,并分析年龄、学历及性别等因素对毕业生焦虑、抑郁状况的影响。结果高校毕业生就业前焦虑发生率为26.38%,抑郁发生率为16.94%;≥25岁的毕业生焦虑、抑郁发生率均高于其他年龄组(均P<0.05);<20岁者,20~23岁者和23~25岁者的毕业生焦虑、抑郁发生率两两比较差别均无统计学意义(P>0.05);大专生焦虑发生率高于本科生和研究生(P<0.05),而本科生和研究生之间差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。大专生、本科生和研究生两两比较,抑郁发生率差别均无统计学意义(P>0.05);女性毕业生焦虑发生率高于男性毕业生(P<0.05),而抑郁发生率差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论年龄、学历及性别对毕业生就业前焦虑、抑郁状况有影响,应有针对性地对毕业生开展就业前心理卫生健康和心理咨询工作。

Analysis of anxiety, depression and their influential factor of college graduates before employment in Henan province

Objective To explore the psychological condition and influencing factor of graduates before employment,and to provide evidence for the education of mental health and psychological consultation of graduates before employement.Methods Self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale were used as the instruments of testing and evaluating to measure the mood of anxiety and depression of 1 452 graduates in Henan college and the influence of age,academic qualification,sex on the anxiety and depression of the graduates were analyzed.Results The incidence rates of anxiety and depression of graduates in college before employment were 26.38% and 16.94% respectively.The incidence of anxiety and depression of graduates who were more than 25 years were higher than other age groups(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant in the incidence of anxiety and depression among <20 years old group,20-23 years old group and 23-25 years old group(P>0.05).The incidence of anxiety of junior college students was higher than undergraduate students and postgraduate students(P<0.05),but there was no statistically significant between undergraduate students and postgraduate students(P>0.05).There were no statistically significant in incidence of depression among junior college students,undergraduate students and postgraduate students(P>0.05).The incidence of anxiety of female graduates was higher than male graduates(P<0.05),but the difference incidence of depression between them was no statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion Age,academic qualification and sex have influence on the condition of anxiety and depression of graduates before employment.Education of mental health and psychological consultation before employment should be done with a clear aim.