上颌窦底提升术相关的应用解剖学研究

目的：为临床上颌窦底提升术的实施提供解剖学依据及数据参考。方法：在经福尔马林固定的成人尸头标本和上颌骨标本上，对上颌后区牙根、牙龈缘（牙槽嵴未吸收）至上颌窦底距离和吸收牙槽嵴至上颌窦底距离进行观测（其中固定标本均为粘膜厚度计入测量）。结果：固定标本上颌窦底至吸收牙槽嵴黏膜前、中、后距离分别为（13．13±0．74）ram、（8．80±3．58）mm、（12．67±2．38）mm，上颌窦底长为（22．70±3．80）mm。牙槽嵴未吸收固定标本第三磨牙、第二磨牙、第一磨牙、第二前磨牙、第一前磨牙牙龈缘至窦底的距离分别为（14．50±3．50）ram、（12．58±3．31）mm、（13．05±2．85）ram、（16．40±3．73）mm、（18．95±4．05）mm。上颌骨标本上颌窦至吸收牙槽嵴前、中、后距离分别为（10．33±1．40）mm、（7．89±1．50）mm、（9．89±1．42）mm。牙槽嵴未吸收上颌骨标本第三磨牙、第二磨牙、第一磨牙、第二前磨牙牙根距上颌窦底高度分别为（2．55±1．65）mm、（3．40±0．50）ram、（2．45±0．15）mm（m、（3．05±0．55）mm。牙槽嵴未吸收上颌骨标本第三磨牙、第二磨牙、第一磨牙、第二前磨牙牙槽嵴距上颔窦底高度分别为（9．23±2．02）mm、（10．83±2．00）mm、（10．93±2．02）mm、（14．20±1．40）mm。结论：通过对口腔上颌窦解剖学数据的观测，能够为上颌窦底提升术提供形态学数据参考。

Applied anatomical study related on maxillary sinus lifting operation

Objective： To provide anatomic data references for clinical maxillary sinus lifting operation. Methods： The distance between alveolar ridge absorbed or unabsorbed of the maxilla posterior teeth area and maxillary sinus fundus were measured in the fixed maxillary specimen and bones（mucosal thickness was included in the fixed specimen）. Results： The distances between maxillary sinus fundus and the front, middle, back part of the mucous membrane in the absorbed alveolar ridge of the fixed specimen were （13.13± 0.74） mm, （8.80± 3.58） ram, and （12.67±-2.38） ram, respectively. The length of the maxillary sinus fundus was （22.70±3.80） ram. The distance between maxillary sinus fundus and the gingival margin of the unabsorbed alveolar ridge at the site of the third molar, second molar, first molar, second premolar, first premolar in the fixed specimen were （14.50±3.50） mm, （12.58±3.31） mm, （13.05± 2.85） ram, （16.40±3.73） mm, and （18.95± 4.05） mm, respectively. The distance between the maxillary sinus fundus and the front, middle, back part of the absorbed alveolar ridge in the maxillary bone were （10.33±1.40） mm, （7.89±1.50） mm and （9.89± 1.42） mm, respectively. The distance between the maxillary sinus fundus and the teeth root of the third molar, second molar, first molar, and the second premolar in the maxillary bone, which alveolar ridge was unabsorbed, were （2.55 ± 1.65） ram, （3.40±0.50） mm, （2.45±0.15） mm, and （3.05± 0.55） mm, respectively. The distance between the maxillary sinus fundus and the unabsorbed alveolar ridge at the site of the third molar, second molar, first molar, and the second premolar in the maxillary bone were （9.23 ± 2.02）mm, （10.83± 2.00） mm, （10.93± 2.02） mm, and （14.20± 1.40） mm respectively. Conclusions： The present study provides some morphological references for the maxillary sinus lifting operation.