电子支气管镜诊治小儿气管支气管异物60例分析

目的探讨电子支气管镜在儿童气管支气管异物诊治中的应用价值。方法对60例经电子支气管镜检查确诊为气管支气管异物患儿的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果异物主要发生在3岁以下婴幼儿（83.33%）,男女之比为2∶1,右侧（41.67%）略高于左侧（48.33%）,以食物性异物为主（86.67%）;症状主要表现为咳嗽、喘息、发热;影像学检查对深部异物有较高的漏诊率,易造成误诊误治。12例深部异物经电子支气管镜取出,48例气管、Ⅰ级支气管异物经电子支气管镜定性定位后由硬质气管镜取出,合并的肺炎、肺气肿、肺不张等并发症在异物取出后经支气管灌洗、抗感染等治疗均恢复正常。结论电子支气管镜在儿童气管支气管异物的诊断中发挥着重要作用,可作为深部支气管异物治疗及双侧肺段上叶开口内硬质气管镜无法窥及的死角的有效治疗手段。

Study on the clinical diagnosis and treatment for tracheobronchial foreign bodies with electron-bronchoscopy

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment for airway foreign bodies with electron-bronchoscopy in children.Methods We retrospectively summarized the data about airway foreign bodies that diagnosed by electron-bronchoscopy.Results There were 60 airway foreign bodies diagnosed by electron-bronchoscopy.The ages was from 20 days to 17 years,and the course was from 6 hours to 7 years.38 airway foreign bodies were located underⅡ or Ⅲ grade bronchus.Alimentary foreign bodies were 52 cases.Conclusion Trachea and bronchus foreign bodies are one of the pathogeny in chronic reactive respiratory diseases and they are discovered by electron-bronchoscopy.Electron bronchoscope plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment to children trachea and bronchus foreign bodies.