微柱凝胶法与试管法检测新生儿溶血病免疫性抗体的比较

目的：比较微柱凝胶法与试管法对母婴血型不合新生儿溶血病（HDN）免疫性抗体的检出率。方法：对临床表现为高胆红素血症、疑似HDN的患儿血标本同时用微柱凝胶法和试管法进行直接抗人球蛋白试验、抗体游离试验及抗体放散试验,并对患儿阳性血标本进行血型不规则抗体特异性鉴定及其效价测定。结果：在275例临床表现为高胆红素血症、疑似HDN的患儿血标本中,用试管法检出直接抗人球蛋白试验阳性180例（65.5%）,抗体游离试验阳性197例（71.6%）,抗体放散试验阳性210例（76.4%）;用微柱凝胶法检出直接抗人球蛋白试验阳性224例（81.5%）,抗体游离试验阳性238例（86.5%）,抗体放散试验阳性251例（91.3%）。微柱凝胶法比试管法的凝集强度高1＋～2＋。结论：微柱凝胶法的敏感性略高于试管法,具有操作简便,影响因素少,易于标准化,结果客观及保存时间长等优点。

Comparison of gel microcolumn assay and tube test for antibodies of heamolytic disease of the newborn

Objective：To compare gel microcolumn assay and tube test for antibodies of heamolytic disease of the newborn（HDN）.Method：The direct antiglobulin test,free antibody test and antibody elution test were performed in the 275cases of the neonatal hyperbilirubinemia suspected to be HDN.The specificity and titer of irregular antibodies were further confirmed in the positive blood samples.Result：In tube test,the positive rate of direct antiglobulin test,free antibody test and antibody elution test was 65.5% （180/275）,71.6% （197/275）and 76.4%（210/275）,respectively.In gel microcolumn assay,the positive rate of direct antiglobulin test,free antibody test and antibody elution test was 81.5%（224/275）,86.5% （238/275） and 91.3%（251/275）,respectively.The intensity of agglutination in gel microcolumn assay showed significantly higher titres（1＋～2＋）than that in tube test in all samples studied.Conclusion：The gel microcolumn assay was superior to the tube test,which might have the advantages of simple operation,less influential factors,easily standardization,objective results and longer preserved time.