老年腹部外科恶性肿瘤患者营养风险和营养不良（不足）状况的对比调查

目的 调查老年腹部外科恶性肿瘤住院患者营养风险和营养不良(不足)发生率.方法 采用定点连续抽样,以2009年12月至2010年11月北京医院普外科住院的269例老年腹部恶性肿瘤患者(≥65岁)为研究对象,入院后第2天早晨进行营养风险筛查2002,营养风险筛查评分≥3分认为存在营养风险；营养不良(不足)判断标准为体重指数＜ 18.5 kg/m2；同时与同期同类疾病的其他年龄组进行比较.结果 269例研究对象完成营养风险筛查,适用率为100％；普外科老年恶性肿瘤患者(≥65岁)的营养不良(不足)发生率为30.1％ (81/269),高龄老年患者(≥80岁)为37.5％ (21/56),其他年龄组为17.6％ (43/245) (P=0.001)；老年恶性肿瘤患者的营养风险发生率为38.3％(103/269),高龄患者为57.1％ (32/56),其他年龄组为29.3％ (72/245) (P＜0.001)；老年腹部恶性肿瘤患者中胰腺癌营养风险比例较高,而结直肠癌的发病率相对较低.结论 老年腹部外科恶性肿瘤住院患者营养风险和营养不良(不足)发生率明显高于其他年龄组,高龄老人营养状况更为严重,应重视老年恶性肿瘤患者的营养问题.

Prevalence of nutritional risk and malnutrition among hospitalized elderly abdominal surgical patients with malignant tumors

Objective To investigate the prevalence of nutritional risk and malnutrition among hospitalized elderly abdominal surgical patients with malignant tumors.Methods Totally 269 elderly patents ( ≥ 65 years) with malignant tumor who were hospitalized in our department of abdominal surgery from December 2009 to November 2010 were consecutively enrolled.Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 ( NRS 2002 ) was performed on the next morning after admission.Body mass index (BMI) lower than 18.5 kg/m2 was considered as malnutrition.Results The NRS 2002 was completed in all the 269 enrolled patients.The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 30.1％ (81/269) ; more specifically,37.5％ (21/56) among geriatric patients ( ≥80 years) and 17.6％ (43/245) among the other age groups (P =0.001 ).The overall rate of nutrition risk was 38.3％ (103/269) ; more specifically,57.1％ (32/56) among the geriatric patients and 29.3％ (72/245) among the other age groups (P ＜0.001 ).The rate of nutrition risk in patients with pancreas cancer was 58.3％,which was higher than other elderly patients; on the contrary,and the rate of nutrition risk in the patients with colorectal cancer was relatively lower.Conclusion The rates of nutrition risk and malnutrition in hospitalized elderly abdominal surgical patients ( ≥ 65years) with malignant tumor are relatively higher than other age groups,especially among the geriatric patients.