Rare coexistence of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in the same kidney: report of two cases

Squamous cell carcinoma of urinary tract is a rarely encountered tumor. It is more frequently reported in urinary bladder and male urethra than renal pelvis. Squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis is usually associated with nephrolithiasis. However, coexistence of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is exceedingly rare with only one case on record so far. We report two such cases detected incidentally in patients who have undergone nephrectomy for hydronephrosis. The post operative histological evaluation revealed unsuspected squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis with concomitant xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.