云南省双江县布朗族头面部器官微机测量

背景:少数民族体质研究小组已对云南省傣族、彝族、拉祜族、傈僳族等15个少数民族头面部器官进行微机测量,而布朗族头面部器官的微机测量还未进行。目的:对云南省双江县邦丙乡布朗族头面部器官41个测量项目和17个头面部指数进行全面系统的测量。设计:横断面调查。单位:昆明医学院第二附属医院口腔颌面整形外科。对象:选择2002-05/10在云南省临沧地区双江县邦丙乡世居布朗族人为观察对象,随机选取布朗族155人,均为纯布朗族血统,父母三代以上均为布朗族。其中男96人,女59人,头颅及颌面部器官形态及功能正常。方法:令被测者端坐,用头颅固位仪将被测者头颅固定,使其眶耳平面(或称法兰克福平面)与水平面平行,用记号笔在头面部对测量点进行标记;在距被测者5m处用摄像机摄录被测者头面部图像;将所取图像输入计算机存盘备用;采用自行编制的微机测量软件对所取图像进行头面部指数的测量。观察项目的判定标准:唇峰间距、单侧唇长、眼裂高、鼻小柱宽和鼻孔宽参照许彪等的定位点,额鼻角、鼻唇角和鼻角参照马延豪等的定位点外,还自定了上睑高的定点法,其余各项均参照《人体测量学手册》和《人体测量方法》的要求设定。主要观察指标:①41个测量项目:颧最小宽、面宽、两眼内宽、瞳孔距、眼裂宽、口裂宽、唇峰距、单唇长、眼裂高、容貌额高、容貌面高Ⅰ、容貌面高Ⅱ、形态面高、容貌面高Ⅲ、容貌上面高、鼻高、唇高、全上唇高、全下唇高、面下1/3高、颏高、上睑高、鼻宽、鼻柱宽、鼻孔宽、两下颌角间宽、外耳宽、鼻长、鼻深、容貌耳长、容貌耳宽、额鼻角、鼻唇角、鼻角、头最大宽、两耳屏宽、头最大长、头耳高、全头高、头水平围。②17个头面部指数:头长宽、头长高、头宽高、额顶宽、容貌面、形态面、容貌上面、鼻指数、鼻宽深、口指数、容貌耳、额面高、面上面高、颧下颌宽、颧额宽、头面高、头面宽。结果:参加调查的151人全部进入结果分析。①头面部器官各测量项目:除容貌耳长、鼻额角两个项目所测值女性大于男性,其余所测项目均是男性大于女性。经统计学分析,除上睑高、鼻柱宽、容貌耳宽、鼻额角、鼻角、两耳屏宽、全头高、头水平围8个项目所测值男女两性比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),其余各项所测值男女两性比较差异显著。②头面部器官各指数:除头长宽指数、头宽高指数、额顶宽指数、容貌面指数、形态面指数、鼻指数、容貌面指数、额面高指数、颧下颌宽指数、颧额宽指数、头面高指数男女两性比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),其余各项所测值男女两性比较差异显著。结论:双江县邦丙乡布朗族头面部器官41个测量项目中多数测量项目存在差异,表现为男性测量值大于女性测量值和17个头面部指数中多数指数无差异。

Computer measurement of craniofacial organs of Bulang minority in Shuangjiang county of Yunnan province

BACKGROUND: The research group for the physical quality of minorities has performed the computer measurement of craniofacial organs in 15 minorities of Yunnan province, including Dai nationality, Yi nationality,Lagu nationality, Lisu nationality, etc., but those of Bulang nationality have not been conducted.OBJECTIVE: To completely and systematically measure the 41 items and 17 indexes of the craniofacial organs of Bulang minority in Bangbing countryside of Shuangjiang county in Lincang area.DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.SETTING: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: From May to October in 2002, 155 subjects of Bulang nationality, who were of pure blood lineage of Bulang nationality, and the three generations before whose parents were all Bulang nationality, were selected from the Bangbing countryside of Shuangjiang county in Lincang area, and they all participated in the study voluntarity, including 96 males and 59 females, and the forms and functions of their cranial and maxillofacial organs were all normal.METHODS: The subject was asked to sit up straightly, the skull was fixed with skull retention instrument, the Frankfurt horizontal plane should be parallel to the cross section, and the measurement points were marked with pen; The craniofacial images of the subject were recorded with camera at a distance of 5 m, and the images were input to the computer for later use. The self-designed video-computer measure system was adopted to measure craniofacial indexes. Judgement standards for the observed items:Besides the tab stops for distance between lip peaks, unilateral lip length,height of palpebral opening, breadth of nasal septum and nostril breadth by Xu et al, and those for frontonasal angle, nasolabial angle and nose angle by Ma et al, that for height of upper eyelid was self-designed, and the other items all referred to the requirements in Manual of Anthropometry[3] and Methods of Anthropometry.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Forty-one measurement items:minimal malar breadth, bizygomatic breadth, interocular breadth, interpupillary distance, breadth of palpebral opening, breadth of mouth opening,distance between lip peaks, single lip length, height of palpebral opening,physiognomic frontal height, physiognomic facial height Ⅰ, physiognomic facial height Ⅱ, morphological facial height, physiognomic facial height Ⅲ,upper physiognomic facial height, nose height, lip height, whole upper lip height, whole lower lip height, height of 1/3 inferior face, chin height,height of upper eyelid, nose breadth, breadth of nasal septum, nostril breadth, breadth between two angles of jaw, external ear width, nose length, nose depth, physiognomic ear length, physiognomic eat width, frontonasal angle, nasolabial angle, nose angle, maximal head breadth, width between two traguses, maximal head length, auricular height, total head height, horizontal head circumference; ② 17 craniofacial indexes: head length breadth, head length height, head breadth height, frontoparietal breadth, physiognomic face, morphological face, upper physiognomic face,nose index, nose breadth depth, mouth index, physiognomic ear, frontal height, upper facial height, width of malar lower jaw, malar frontal breadth,craniofacial height, craniofacial breadth.RESULTS: All the 151 subjects were involved in the analysis of results.① Measurement items of craniofacial organs: Only the values of physiognomic ear length and frontonasal angle were higher in females than in males, all the other items were higher in males than in females. The statistical analysis indicated that except the items of height of upper eyelid,breadth of nasal septum, physiognomic eat width, frontonasal angle, nose angle, width between two traguses, total head height and horizontal head circumference (P ＞ 0.05), the values of all the other items were significantly different between males and females. ② Indexes of craniofacial organs:Only the indexes of head length breadth, head breadth height, frontoparietal breadth, physiognomic face, morphological face, frontal height, width of malar lower jaw, malar frontal breadth, craniofacial height had no significant differences between males and females (P ＞ 0.05), and the others were significantly different between males and females.CONCLUSION: Most of the 41 measurement items of craniofacial organs were higher in males than in females among the Bulang minority in Bangbing countryside of Shuangjiang county in Lincang area, and most of the 17 indexes of craniofacial organs have no significant differences.