宣木瓜中重金属、农药残留及黄曲霉毒素的测定

目的考察宣木瓜药食安全性,为其质量控制提供依据。方法采用石墨炉原子光谱法、火焰原子光谱法以及原子荧光法,检测8批宣木瓜样品中铅、镉、铜、砷和汞的含量;采用气相色谱法检测相同样品中有机氯、菊酯类和有机磷农药残留;利用免疫亲和层析柱净化-超高效液相色谱法检测自然条件下贮藏1~2年的宣木瓜样品中黄曲霉毒素含量。结果采集的8批宣木瓜样品铅、镉、铜、砷和汞含量均未超出规定限量;有机氯、有机磷和除虫菊酯类农药残留量均在检测限以下,未能被检出;贮藏的6批宣木瓜样品黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1和G2总量均在检测限以下,未能被检出。结论来源于主产区的宣木瓜在重金属、农药残留及黄曲霉毒素的检查项目上均合格,呈现良好的药食安全性品质。

Determination of Heavy Metals, Pesticide Residues, and Aflatoxin in Chaenomeles speciosa Nakai

Objective To investigate the safety of Chaenomeles speciosa Nakai for food and medication and provide evidence for its quality control. Methods For 8 batches of Chaenomeles speciosa Nakai samples, the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, As, and Hg was determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, and atomic fluorescence spectrometry, while the residual levels of organochlorine, pyrethroids, and organophosphorus pesticides were determined using gas chromatography. The aflatoxin content in Chaenomeles speciosa Nakai samples stored under natural condition for 1-2 years was determined by means of immunoaffinity column clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatography. Results In 8 batches of Chaenomeles speciosa Nakai samples, the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, As, and Hg was all below the prescribed limits, while the residual levels of organochlorine, organophosphorus pesticides, and pyrethroids were all below the detection limits. In 6 batches of Chaenomeles speciosa Nakai samples in storage, the total content of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 was all below the detection limits. Conclusion Chaenomeles speciosa Nakai from major production areas are qualified in tests of heavy metals, pesticide residues, and aflatoxin, and they are safe for food and medication.