悬韧带异常的假性剥脱综合征性白内障手术时机和方法的选择

背景 假性剥脱综合征(PEX)常并发白内障,多伴有进展性晶状体悬韧带异常,术中及术后易出现悬韧带相关并发症,白内障手术如何选择合适的手术时机及手术方式对于减少并发症、提高手术成功率具有重要的临床意义,但目前相关研究报道很少. 目的 分析伴有晶状体悬韧带异常的PEX性白内障(PEXC)患者行白内障摘出联合人工晶状体(IOL)植入术的疗效,探讨其合适的手术时机及手术方式.方法采用系列病例观察研究方法,对2012年7月至2015年12月在新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区第二人民医院接受PEXC手术的21例23眼进行分析,所有患者均伴有晶状体悬韧带异常,根据悬韧带异常的程度分为晶状体震颤和不全脱位2种类型,其中晶状体震颤18眼,晶状体不全脱位5眼.按照Emery核硬度分级法分为Ⅱ级核4眼,Ⅲ级核9眼,Ⅳ级核7眼,Ⅴ级核3眼;晶状体震颤者行白内障超声乳化联合标准囊袋张力环(CTR)或改良CTR(MCTR)及IOL植入术或白内障囊外摘出联合CTR及IOL植入术;Ⅱ级或Ⅲ级核伴晶状体不全脱位者行超声乳化联合MCTR及IOL植入术;Ⅳ级或Ⅴ级核伴晶状体不全脱位者行白内障囊内圈套摘出、前段玻璃体切割联合IOL巩膜缝线固定术.对患者共随访3个月,分析手术时机对疗效的影响及术眼术后视力、眼压,术中及术后并发症,前囊口、IOL位置变化. 结果 晶状体震颤患者行白内障超声乳化联合IOL植入术,其中植入CTR者10眼,MCTR者3眼,囊外摘出联合CTR及IOL植入术4眼,前段玻璃体切割联合IOL巩膜缝线固定术1眼.晶状体不全脱位行超声乳化联合前段玻璃体切割联合IOL巩膜缝线固定术1眼,白内障囊内圈套摘出、前段玻璃体切割联合IOL巩膜缝线固定术4眼.术眼术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)＞0.5者4眼,＞0.3 ～≤0.5者6眼,＞0.1～≤0.3者8眼,≤0.1者5眼,与术前BCVA比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=17.29,P＜0.01);术眼术前平均眼压为(16.82-±2.25)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),术后3个月平均眼压为(16.12±2.67)mmHg,差异无统计学意义(t=0.108,P＞0.05);术中、术后常见并发症为瞳孔不易扩大、角膜水肿、晶状体皮质残留和后囊膜混浊. 结论 伴有晶状体悬韧带异常的PEXC手术复杂、并发症多,手术时机和手术方式的选择均应依据悬韧带异常程度、核硬度和晶状体是否脱位,术前应认真行自然瞳孔下及扩瞳后检查以确定治疗方案是手术成功的关键.

Choice of operative time and method for pseudoexfoliation syndrome combined cataract with zonular defect

Background Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is often complicated with cataract,accompanied by zonular defects.Zonular related complications easily happened intraoperatively and postoperatively.It is very important to choose the operating timing and method to reduce the complications and improve curative effects.However,relative study is rare.Objective This study was to analyze the curative effects of cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for PEX combined cataract (PEXC) with zonular defect and discuss the appropriate operation timing and method.Methods A serial cases-observational study was performed,and written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to ocular surgery.Twenty-three eyes of 21 patients with PEXC and zonular defect were included and received PEXC surgery in Second People's Hospital of Kashi from July 2012 to December 2015.The patients were divided into phacodonesis type (18 eyes) and subluxation of lens (5 eyes) based on the severity of zonular defect and grade Ⅱ (4 eyes),grade Ⅲ (9 eyes),grade Ⅳ (7 eyes) and grade Ⅴ (3 eyes) nuclei based on the hardness of lens nuclei.Phacoemulsification combined capsular tension ring (CTR) or modified CTR (MCTR) insertion and IOL implantation was carried out for grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ nuclei with phacodonesis eyes.or extracapsular cataract extraction combined CTR and IOL implantation was carried out for grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ nuclei with phacodonesis eyes,and phacoemulsification combined MCTR insertion and IOL implantation,or lens loop nucleusdeliver,anterior vitrectomy combined suspensory IOL implantation were performed for subluxation eyes.The patients were followed up for consecutive 3 months,and optimal operation timing,best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),intraocular pressure (IOP),complications and anterior capsular opening,IOL position were assessed.Results In the patients with phacodonesis,CTR was inserted in 10 eyes,and MCTR was inserted in 3 eyes,and extracapsular cataract extraction combined CTR and IOL implantation was carried out in 4 eyes and l eye received anterior vitrectomy combined suspensory IOL implantation.In the patient with subluxation of lens,only 1 eye finished successful phacoemulsification combined anterior vitrectomy and suspensory IOL implantation,and other 4 eyes received lens loop nucleus-deliver,anterior vitrectomy combined suspensory IOL implantation.The BCVA of the operated eyes was ＞0.5 in 4 eyes,＞0.3-≤0.5 in 6 eyes,＞0.1-≤0.3 in 8 eyes,≤0.1 in 5 eyes,which was better than that before surgery (X2 =17.29,P＜0.01).The IOP was (16.82 ±2.25) mmHg before surgery and reached (16.12±2.67) mmHg 3 months after surgery,with a significant difference between them (t=0.108,P＞0.05).The intra-and post-operative complications included small pupil,corneal edema,residual cortex and posterior capsular opacification.Conclusions The operative process of PEXC eyes with zonular defect is complex.The choice of operative time and methods depends upon the type of zonular defect,hardness of lens nuleus,with or without subluxation of lens.A carefully ocular examination before operation is crucial for the therapy of PEXC.