儿童药物超敏反应30例分析

目的：评估儿童药物超敏反应综合征（DRESS）在药物暴露后发生的时间特点以及可疑致敏药物种类。方法：对近十年来在我院诊断为DRESS的患儿病例进行回顾性分析。结果：30例患儿中17例为快速发作组（＜15 d），13例为延迟发作组（≥15 d）。DRESS平均发生时间为（11.13 ± 8.69）d，小于15 d。停药后，DRESS平均持续时间为（22.80±19.65）d，两组间没有差异。致敏药物中抗菌药物占43.3%，其中多数抗菌药物为快速发生组；抗癫痫药物占比32.3%，其中6例为延迟发生组。结论：药物超敏反应综合征多数发生在可疑药物暴露后15天以内，也可发生在可疑药物暴露后15天以上。研究还发现儿童药物超敏反应主要致敏药物为抗菌药物与抗癫痫药物。

Analysis of 30 Cases of Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms

Objective: To assess the onset time characteristics of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms(DRESS) in children after drug exposure and the types of suspected allergenic drugs. Method: Retrospect the characteristics of pediatric cases diagnosed with DRESS in our hospital over the past decade. According to the occurrence time of DRESS, the retrospected cases were divided into two groups: the rapid onset group (< 15 days) and the delayed onset group (> 15 days). Results: Among the 30 pediatric patients, 17 were in the rapid onset group (< 15 days), and 13 were in the delayed onset group (≥ 15 days). The average onset time of DRESS is (11.13 ± 8.69) days, which is less than 15 days. After culprit drug withdrawal, the average duration of DRESS was (22.80 ± 19.65) days. Antibiotics account for 43.3% of allergenic drugs, with the majority being in the rapid onset group. Antiepileptic drugs accounted for 32.3%, with 6 cases in the delayed onset group. Conclusion: DRESS mostly occurs within 15 days after suspected drug exposure, and can also occur more than 15 days after suspected drug exposure. There was no difference between the two groups. The study also found that the main sensitizing drugs for children’s drug hypersensitivity reactions are antibiotics and antiepileptic drugs.