无锡市主城区居民吸烟与心理行为特征的关系研究

背景　心理状况与吸烟有一定联系，心理问题可能是启动吸烟行为的危险因素。目的　探讨吸烟与心理行为特征的关系，为相关部门更好地制定控烟措施提供参考。方法　采用多阶段抽样法，抽取无锡市主城区年龄18岁及以上的居民2 498例作为调查对象。于2013年12月—2014年6月，采用自行设计的基本情况调查问卷、12项一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）调查居民的基本情况、吸烟情况、心理状况。共发放问卷2 498份，回收有效问卷2 396份，问卷的有效回收率为95.92%。结果　2 396例居民中，吸烟者600例，占25.04%。不同性别、年龄、户籍性质、婚姻状况、职业性质、饮酒情况、主动获取健康知识情况、心理状况的居民吸烟率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示，性别、年龄、婚姻状况、职业性质、饮酒情况、心理状况是居民吸烟的影响因素（P<0.05）。对是否觉得自己有决断力、是否处于紧张状态、能否解决问题、是否享受生活、能否面临问题、是否感到痛苦忧虑、是否感到没有价值的认知不同的居民吸烟率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　无锡市主城区居民吸烟率较高，心理状况是居民吸烟的影响因素。在针对全人群和重点人群的吸烟行为危险因素制定综合干预措施时，应考虑心理行为问题的影响，加强宣传教育，提高居民对早期心理问题的识别与治疗，以便更好地控制吸烟行为。

Relationship between Smoking and Mental Health Related Behaviors among Residents in the Main Urban Areas of Wuxi

Background　Psychological status is associated with smoking.Psychological problems may be a risk factor for initiating smoking behavior.Objective　To investigate the relationship between smoking and mental health related behaviors in residents，providing evidence for formulating tobacco control measures.Methods　By multiphase sampling，we enrolled 2 498 adult residents（aged ≥ 18） from the main urban areas of Wuxi，Jiangsu Province.From December 2013 to June 2014，we conducted a survey in them using a self-developed Socioeconomic Questionnaire and the Chinese version of 12-item General Health Questionnaire to collect the socioeconomic characteristics，prevalence of smoking and psychological status.The survey achieved a response rate of 95.92%（2 396/2 498）.Results　The overall prevalence of smoking among the respondents was 25.04%（600/2 396）.The prevalence of smoking varied significantly by sex，age，hukou status，marital status，occupational status，alcohol consumption，active access to health knowledge and mental health status in the respondents（P<0.05）.Moreover，it also changed obviously according to self-perceived level of making decision，self-perceived mental stress，self-perceived problem-solving ability，self-perceived enjoyment of life，self-perceived challenges，feeling pain or anxiety and low personal value （P<0.05）.Logistic regression analysis showed that sex，age，marital status，occupational status，alcohol consumption and mental health status were factors associated with the prevalence of smoking （P<0.05）.Conclusion　Smoking is relatively common in residents in the main urban areas of Wuxi，which is influenced by mental health status.In order to increase the level of self-perception of mental health problems and to achieve more successful smoking control，targeted interventions such as intensive propaganda and public education of smoking control and so on should be delivered in a comprehensive way based on the conditions involving mental health related behaviors in all populations，especially the susceptible populations.