Hepatitis B and C in pregnancy |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi 110095, India;2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi 110095, India;3. Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi 110095, India;4. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65431, Saudi Arabia;5. Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;1. Ministry of Health, Jeremiya Street 39, Jerusalem 9446724, Israel;2. Bioinformatics Department, School of Life and Health Science, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel;3. Standards Institution of Israel, Tel Aviv, Israel;4. School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel 3498838, Israel;1. INFN, Sezione di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy;2. University of Florence, Chemistry Dept, Via della Lastruccia 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy;3. University of Florence, Physics and Astronomy Dept, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy;4. INFN, Sezione di Pisa and University of Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy;5. University of Bologna, Physics and Astronomy Dept and INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy;6. Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184 Rome, Italy;7. University of Ferrara, Physics and Dept. of Earth Sciences, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;8. CNR-INO (National Institute of Optics), Largo E. Fermi 6, I-50125 Florence, Italy |
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| Abstract: | In general, pregnancy does not influence the course of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infection. Most neonates born to mothers who suffer from acute viral hepatitis B and C are asymptomatic. Chronic hepatitis B and C infections can be transmitted to neonates. This route of transmission of HBV is a major contributing factor to the high carrier rate in endemic countries where 80–95% of infants born to HBsAg/HBeAg-positive (hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen respectively) mothers are infected. Despite the availability of a immunoprophylactic vaccine, 10–15% of these infants are still infected. The possible reasons for vaccine failure include the ability of HBV antigens to induce immunotolerance and the existence of HBV variants. The factors contributing to vertical transmission of HBV and HCV are also discussed. These factors include viral load, virus variants and sensitivity of diagnostic tests. The rate of vertical transmission of HCV of less than 5% is lower compared to HBV in HCV-ribonucleic-acid-positive mothers. However, the risk of HCV transmission is increased to about 23% if the pregnant women are also human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive. |
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