2010-2018年四川省家庭内食源性疾病暴发事件分析

目的 了解四川省家庭内食源性疾病暴发事件的流行病学特征,为相关部门制定相应的预防控制措施提供科学依据。〖HTH〗方法 收集2010-2018年四川省食源性疾病暴发监测系统中报告的家庭内食源性疾病暴发事件的数据进行分析。〖HTH〗结果 2010-2018年全省共报告家庭内食源性疾病暴发事件645起,发病3154人,死亡46人。菌类及其制品中因毒蘑菇引起的事件数最多,有337起(61.50%);其次是蛋与蛋制品被沙门氏菌污染所致事件数,有66起(12.04%);其他植物类因其他植物毒素引起的事件数居第3位有19起(3.47%)。引起死亡的致病因素主要是毒蘑菇、亚硝酸盐和河鲀毒素,分别占50.00%、30.43%和6.52%。2018年各发生一起因误食白果和蟾蜍死亡的事件。引发事件原因的环节主要是自采占45.53%,引发事件原因的因素主要是误食误用占64.69%。〖HTH〗结论 建议进一步加强健康教育,提高人们对野生蘑菇、来路不明的食盐、白糖、鱼干等海产品、自制蛋与蛋制品、白果和蟾蜍危害的认识,相关部门要加强市场上对这些食品的监督检查,加强餐饮服务环节禁用亚硝酸盐的宣传和监督,通过培训提高医疗救治和现场处置能力。

Foodborne disease outbreaks in family in Sichuan,2010-2018

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristic of the foodborne diseases in the family in Sichuan,so as to provide scientific basis for disease control and prevention to relevant departments.〖WTHZ〗Methods The data of the foodborne diseases in family of Sichuan from foodborne disease outbreak reporting system during 2010-2018 was collected and analyzed.〖WTHZ〗Results Total of 645 events,3154 cases and 46 deaths of the foodborne diseases in family were recorded by the foodborne disease outbreak reporting system during 2010-2018.The major number of incidents was caused by poisonous mushrooms in fungi and their products,there were 337 cases(61.50%).The second was caused by salmonella contamination of eggs and egg products,there were 66 cases(12.04%).The third was caused by other phytotoxins in other plants,there were 19 cases(3.47%).The main causes of deaths were poisonous mushroom,nitrite and tetrodotoxin,accounting for 50.00%、30.43% and 6.52%,respectively.During 2018,there was one death due to eating ginkgo and toad by mistake.The main link of the cause of incidents was self-mining,accounting for 45.53%.The main factor of the cause of incidents was eating something by mistake and misuse,accounting for 64.69%.〖WTHZ〗Conclusion It is advised that further health education should be strengthened,the knowledge of the harm caused by wild mushrooms,the salt,white sugar,dried fish,other marine products whose origin is unknown,homemade eggs,egg products,ginkgo and toad should be enhanced.Relevant departments should strengthen supervision and inspection of these foods in the market.The propaganda and supervision of banning nitrite in catering service should be strengthened.The ability of medical treatment and on-site disposal should be improved through training.