2018年北京市大兴区居民死因及对期望寿命的影响分析

目的 分析北京市大兴区户籍居民的主要死因及对期望寿命的影响，为提高居民健康水平和制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法 利用2018年北京市大兴区户籍居民死亡监测资料，计算死亡率、标化死亡率、死因顺位、期望寿命和去死因期望寿命等相关指标。结果 2018年北京市大兴区户籍居民粗死亡率为612.49/10万，标化死亡率为415.31/10万，男性死亡率（697.89/10万）高于女性（361.77/10万）。居民死因顺位前5位分别是心脏病、恶性肿瘤、脑血管病、呼吸系统疾病、损伤和中毒，占全部死因的比例达82.14%；其中恶性肿瘤及心脏病分列男女性的首位死因，分别占男女性全部死因的25.52%和25.36%。居民人均期望寿命为81.07 岁，男性78.59岁，女性83.62岁；造成寿命损失的死因依次为心脏病、脑血管病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、损伤和中毒，去除后寿命分别增加2.98、2.82、2.54、0.87和0.81岁。结论 慢性非传染性疾病是影响大兴区居民健康和期望寿命的主要因素，应加强慢性病的综合防治工作。此外，应重视交通事故、跌落和自杀等伤害的监测与干预，提高居民期望寿命。

Analysis of the main death causes and impact on life expectancy of Daxing residents in 2018

Objective To analyze the main death causes and the impact on life expectancy in Daxing District of Beijing, and to provide scientific evidence for improving the health of residents and formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods The death monitoring data of registered residents of Daxing in 2018 were collected, the crude mortality, standardized mortality, rank of death causes, life expectancy and cause-deleted life expectancy were calculated. Results The crude mortality of registered residents in Daxing was 612.49/100,000, and the standardized mortality rate was 415.31/100,000. The male mortality(697.89/100,000) was higher than that of female(361.77/100,000). The top five causes of death were heart diseases, malignant tumors, cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and injuries, which accounted for 82.14% of total death causes. Among them, malignant tumors and heart diseases were the top causes for male and female, accounting for 25.52% and 25.36% of the total deaths respectively. The average life expectancy was 81.07 years, with 78.59 years for male and 83.62 years for female, respectively. The rank of death causes for life loss were heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, respiratory diseases and injuries, after eliminating which, the life expectancy increased 2.98 years, 2.82 years, 2.54 years, 0.87 years and 0.81 years respectively. Conclusion Non- communicable chronic diseases were the main factors affecting the health and life expectancy of residents in Daxing District. The comprehensive prevention and treatment of chronic diseases should be strengthened. In addition, attention should be paid to the monitoring and intervention of injuries such as traffic accidents, falls and suicides to improve the life expectancy of residents.