2012-2017年淮安市学生肺结核流行病学分析

目的 了解淮安市学生肺结核发病趋势和流行特征,为学校结核病防控工作提出可行性建议。方法 从结核病管理信息系统导出2012-2017年全市学生肺结核资料,对患者的发病情况、分布特征、发现方式和延误情况等进行统计学分析。结果 2012-2017年学生活动肺结核的年均发病率为7.92/10万,6年间活动性肺结核发病率从12.09/10万下降到5.76/10万,下降了52.36%;学生菌阳肺结核的年均发病率为2.04/10万,菌阳肺结核发病率从3.80/10万下降到1.65/10万,下降了56.58%。男女性别比为1.74〖DK〗∶1,16～19岁年龄段病例占44.64%。 3-5月为发病高峰期,学生患者以转诊(35.94%)发现为主,就诊延误率为60.87%,诊断延误率为11.89%。结论 淮安市学生肺结核发病数处于较低水平,仍高于全省平均水平,且学生肺结核就诊延误较为严重,应采取综合措施进一步加强学校结核病防控工作。

Epidemiological analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Huaian,2012-2017

Objective To explore the incidence trend and epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis among students in Huaian,and to provide some feasible suggestions for tuberculosis prevention and control in schools. Methods Student TB cases reported in Huaian during 2012 to 2017 were selected from the Tuberculosis Management Information System.The statistical methods were used to retrospectively analyze the characteristics of incidence,distribution,disease discovery and delay of tuberculosis. Results The average annual incidence of active tuberculosis in students during 2012-2017 was 7.92/100 000.During the 6 years,the incidence dropped to 5.76/100 000 from 12.09/100 000 and decreased by 52.36 %.The average annual incidence rate of students with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis was 2.04/100 000.The incidence dropped to 1.65/100 000 from 3.80/100 000 and decreased by 56.58%.The male to female ratio of student TB cases was 1.74〖DK〗∶1.The TB students aged from 16 to 19 accounted for 44.6% in all enrolled subjects.The peak of incidence was during March to May.The students were mainly diagnosed by referral(35.94%),with a delay rate of 60.87% and a diagnosis delay rate of 11.89%. Conclusion The incidence of pulmonary TB of students in Huaian is low.However,it is higher than the average for the province.And the proportion of health seeking delay is high.It is of great importance to take comprehensive strategies to control and prevent TB in schools.