2017年安徽省农村环境卫生调查

目的 了解安徽省农村环境卫生状况，分析存在的问题，为环境综合治理提供依据。方法 按照分层随机抽样的方法从安徽省16个市中选取24个县（区）480个行政村2 426个农户。采用统一的调查表格调查生活垃圾、生活污水、厕所及粪便无害化情况、农药使用与防护情况，并进行病媒生物监测、土壤检测等。结果 调查村集中式供水覆盖率61.6%（1 074 115/1 744 628），卫生厕所普及率37.5%(171 412/456 684)，生活垃圾收集方式主要为统一收集（66.7%，320/480），生活污水排放方式主要为随意排放（52.3%，251/480），全部开展病媒生物防治的村占5.6%（27/480），农田土壤蛔虫卵检出率为23.3%(112/480)，31.5%(151/480)的土壤镉指标含量超出二级土壤标准，施用农药时21.8%(318/1 461)的调查对象没有防护措施。结论 安徽省农村环境存在较多健康危害因素，需加强改水改厕，垃圾污水处理工作，做好重金属污染及寄生虫病防治工作。

Survey and analysis on environmental sanitation in rural areas of Anhui province in 2017

Objective The aim of this study was to know the status of environmental sanitation in rural areas of Anhui province, analyze existing problems and provide basis for the environmental comprehensive treatment. Methods 24 counties, 480 villages and 2426 households were selected from 16 cities of Anhui province by stratified random sampling. Questionnaires were used to investigate the domestic garbage and sewage, toilet and fecal harmlessness status, pesticides usage and protection status. Vector organisms and soil samples were monitored at the same time. Results In 2017, the coverage rates of centralized water supply and sanitary latrines were 61.6% (1074115/1744628) and 37.5% (171412/456684), respectively. The main method of domestic garbage treatment was unified collection(66.7%, 320/480), while the main treatment of domestic sewage was directly discharge (52.3%, 251/480). Only 5.6% (27/480) of all villages monitored the vector organisms. Soil testing results showed that the detection rate of ascaris ova was 23.3% (112/480). The content of cd exceeded criterion by 31.5% (151/480) in all soil samples. 21.8% (318/1461) of households didn't take any protective measures when they used pesticides. Conclusion There were various health-related risk factors existing in rural areas of Anhui province. The water supply systems, toilets, garbage and sewage disposal should be strengthened. Effective countermeasures are needed to prevent and control heavy metal pollution and parasitic diseases.