2013 - 2017年柳州地区出生缺陷监测结果分析

目的 了解2013 - 2017年柳州地区围生儿出生缺陷发生特征及变化趋势，为制定预防和干预措施提供科学依据。方法 依照《中国出生缺陷监测实施方案》对柳州地区114家助产机构分娩的孕满28周至产后7 d内的围生儿出生缺陷监测数据进行分析。结果 2013 - 2017年柳州地区发现出生缺陷儿5 018例，总发生率为17.49‰，2013 - 2017年柳州市出生缺陷发生率呈现逐渐下降趋势，产后确诊的出生缺陷儿数是产前确诊数量的5.17倍。出生缺陷发生率城镇(22.61‰)高于乡村(12.99‰)，男性(19.59‰)高于女性(15.13‰)。≥35岁母亲子代出生缺陷发生率(21.26‰)明显高于其他年龄组。出生缺陷发生率较高的前5位是先天性心脏病(5.08‰)、多指/趾(3.07‰)、外耳其他畸形(1.06‰)、总唇腭裂(1.03‰)、并指/趾(0.76‰)。结论 柳州地区出生缺陷发生率高于广西平均水平，以先天性心脏病和多指(趾)为高发出生缺陷，生后确诊的出生缺陷儿显著多于生前确诊的。建议进一步加强产前筛查及产前诊断，提高产前检查专业技术水平，降低出生缺陷儿的发生率。

Analysis on dynamic prevalence of birth defects in Liuzhou city from 2013 to 2017

Objective To explore the epidemiological features of birth defects in Liuzhou from 2013 to 2017, and to provide a scientific basis for new intervention and prevention. Methods The perinatal birth defects were monitored according to Hospital Monitoring of Birth Defects in China issued by the Ministry of Health and a statistical analysis was conducted on the monitoring data among 114 hospitals in Liuzhou from 2013 to 2017. Results Totally, 5018 infants with birth defects were found among 286830 perinatal infants from 2013 to 2017, and the incidence of birth defects was 17.49‰. The number of birth defects diagnosed after birth was more than 5 times of birth defects diagnosed during pregnancy. Incidence of birth defects in town (22.61‰) was higher than in countryside (12.99‰), and that of the male (19.59‰) was higher than in female (15.13‰). The incidence of the age group above 35 years old(21.26%) was higher than other age groups. The top five birth defects were congenital heart diseases (5.08‰), multiple fingers/toes (3.07‰), other outer ear deformities (1.06‰), total cleft lip (1.03‰) and syndactyly (0.76‰). Conclusion The incidence of birth defects in Liuzhou is higher than the average rate of Guangxi; congenital heart diseases and multiple fingers/toes are the most common defects in this area. The number of birth defects diagnosed after birth was more than birth defects diagnosed during pregnancy. So, we should give more education and perinatal health care to pregnant woman, improve the ability of prenatal screening and diagnosis, and regulate maternal health services to reduce the incidence of birth defects.