2007 - 2018年云南省某三甲专科医院儿童死因分析

目的 了解云南省某三甲医院住院儿童死因的变化趋势，寻找死亡原因，为制定合理有效的防治措施，降低儿童死亡率提供依据。方法 对云南省某三甲医院2007 - 2018年住院儿童的病历资料进行回顾性分析。 结果 2007 - 2018年12年间，住院儿童数由2007年的16 901例上升到2018年的61 415例，死亡率从0.56%下降到0.12%（P＜0.05）。住院患儿中，男童死亡率为0.20%，女童死亡率为0.22%，差异无统计学意义。各年龄组住院患儿中，新生儿死亡率最高，为0.45%，学龄期组儿童死亡率最低，为0.10%；不同年龄组儿童死亡率不同（P＜0.05）。死亡病例主要集中在入院后24 h～7 d内，占全部死亡病例的57.05%。疾病死因构成中:新生儿的第1位死因是起源于围生期的某些情况；婴儿的第1位死因是呼吸系统疾病；幼儿、学龄前的第1位死因是传染病；学龄期与青春期的第1位死因是肿瘤。结论 随着年份的增加，该院住院儿童人数不断增加，死亡率呈下降趋势；不同年龄组儿童死亡率不同。起源于围生期的某些疾病是儿童的第1位死因。

Analysis of the causes of death in hospitalized children in a first-class hospital in Yunnan Province between 2007 and 2018

Objective To understand the change trend of the cause of death in children hospitalized in a first-class hospital in Yunnan province, find the cause of death, so a to provide a reference for formulating reasonable and effective prevention and treatment measures to reduce the mortality rate of children. Methods The medical records of hospitalized children between 2007 and 2018 in this hospital were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results From 2007 to 2018, the number of hospitalized children increased from 16901 in 2007 to 61415 in 2018, and the mortality rate declined from 0.56 % to 0.12 % (P<0.05). Among the hospitalized children, the mortality rate of the boys was 0.20%, and the mortality rate of the girls was 0.22%. The difference was not statistically significant. Among the hospitalized children of all age groups, the neonatal mortality rate was the highest, being 0.45%, and the school-age group had the lowest mortality rate of 0.10%; the children of different age groups had different mortality rates(P<0.05). The deaths were mainly concentrated within 24 hours to 7 days after admission, accounting for 57.05% of all deaths. As for the disease spectrum, the first causes of death in newborns and infants were certain conditions that originate from the perinatal period and respiratory diseases; the first cause of death for young children and preschoolers were infectious disease; the first cause of death in school age children and adolescence were tumors. Conclusion With the increase of the years, the number of hospitalized children increases, and the fatality rate decreases. Fatality rates vary among age groups. Certain diseases originating in the perinatal period is the first causes of death in hospitalized children.