2015 - 2018年无锡市食源性疾病监测结果分析

目的 分析无锡市食源性疾病的流行特征，为制定预防和控制措施提供依据。方法 利用“食源性疾病监测报告系统”，收集2015 - 2018年无锡市29家哨点医院就诊的食源性疾病的病例信息并采集病人粪便样本，进行病原学检测，分析食源性疾病患病现状及发病原因。结果 共收集2015 - 2018年无锡市食源性疾病病例9 047例，采集粪便样本5 123份，检出病原体阳性的样本1 081例，阳性率为21.10%。病例数呈逐年上升趋势，病原体阳性率2015 - 2017年呈上升趋势，2018年较2017年略有下降。不同性别之间病例数无统计学差异（P = 0.849），不同年龄、职业、居住地的病例数有统计学差异（P＜0.05），25～44岁年龄组病例数最多，共3 105例，占总病例数的34.32%，学生病例数最多，共1 974例，占总病例数的21.82%。在7621名患者自述可疑食物中，肉及肉制品中占比最高（22.37%），病原体检出率最高的可疑食物为水产动物及其制品（24.63%）。病原体阳性病例中，诺如病毒检出率最高（5.97%），致病菌中副溶血性弧菌检出率最高（5.06%），第三季度（7 - 9月）致病菌阳性检出率最高，总检出率达16.83%，第一季度（1 - 3月）病毒阳性检出率最高，总检出率达25.35%。结论 夏秋季是无锡市食源性疾病高发季节，诺如病毒和副溶血性弧菌是主要致病病原体。需加强监测能力和食品安全知识宣传教育，减少食源性疾病的发生。

Surveillance results of foodborne diseases between 2015 and 2018 in Wuxi

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in Wuxi and provide evidence for prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods The food-borne disease monitoring and reporting system was used to collect case information of food-borne diseases in 29 sentinel hospitals in Wuxi city from 2015 to 2018,collect patients' stool samples for pathogen detection, and analyze the current situation and causes of food-borne diseases Results A total of 9047 cases of food-borne diseases were collected in wuxi from 2015 to 2018, 1 081 strains of pathogens were detected from 5 123 stool samples, and the total detection rate was 21.10%. The number of cases showed an increasing trend year by year, and the pathogen positive rate showed an increasing trend from 2015 to 2017, with a slight decrease in 2018 compared with 2017. There was no statistical difference in the number of cases between different genders(P=0.849). The number of foodborne diseases differed significantly by age, occupation, household registration (all P<0.05). The detection rate of foodborne diseases in 25-44 years old group was the highest during the age groups, reaching 34.32% (3 105 cases), and the group of currently enrolled students was the highest during the occupation groups, reaching 21.82% (1 974 cases). There were 7 621 patients, who provided a history of suspected food exposure, and the highest proportion of foodborne diseases was meat and meat products, accounting for 22.37%, and the pathogen detection rate of aquatic products were highest. The highest detection rate of pathogens was Norovirus(5.97%), and the next was Vibrio parahaemolyticus(5.06%). The detection peak of pathogenic bacteria appeared in the third quarter(July to September), reaching 16.83%, and the detection peak of virus appeared in the first quarter(January to March), reaching 25.35%. Conclusion Incidence of foodborne disease in Wuxi is relatively higher in summer and autumn. Norovirus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are the major pathogenic microorganisms. It is necessary to continually improve the foodborne diseases surveillance system and implement the foodborne diseases monitoring, to provide scientific basis for the corresponding risk control measures.