2016 - 2018年陕西省市政供水水质卫生状况分析

目的 掌握陕西省市政水厂水质卫生状况和变化趋势。方法 2016 - 2018年对陕西省全部市政水厂开展基本情况调查和水质检测，依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB 5749 - 2006）进行水质评价。结果 3年累计采集分析水样4 546份，总达标率为66.08%，不同年度水样达标率:2018年（71.45%）＞2017年（64.30%）＞2016年（61.37%）（P＜0.05）；各年度同类指标全部达标的水样占比由高到低依次为毒理学指标、微生物指标、感官性状和一般化学指标、消毒剂指标；超标指标的种类数逐年减少，主要超标的单项指标为总大肠菌群、菌落总数、浑浊度、氟化物和硝酸盐氮。每年度丰水期和枯水期水样达标率的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05），常规处理的水样达标率（69.88%）高于仅消毒的水样达标率（51.53%）（P＜0.05），结论 2016 - 2018年陕西省市政水厂水质逐年改善，主要超标指标为消毒剂指标和微生物指标，应当重视局部地区氟化物和硝酸盐氮超标问题。

Analysis on water quality of municipal water supplys in Shaanxi from 2016 to 2018

Objective To master the sanitary status and changing trend of municipal water plants in Shaanxi Province. Methods The basic situation survey and water quality routine indicators were tested for all municipal water plants in Shannxi from 2016 to 2018, and water quality evaluation was carried out according to the Standard for drinking water quality (GB 5749-2006). Results A total of 4 546 water samples were collected and analyzed in three years. The total qualified rate of municipal water plant samples in Shaanxi was 66.08%. The qualified rate of water quality in different years from high to low as follows: 2018(71.45%)＞2017(64.30%)＞2016(61.37%) (P＜0.05). The proportion of all qualified water samples with the same index in each year ranged from high to low as follows: toxicological index > microbial index > sensory character and general chemical index > routine disinfectant index. The number of types of indicators exceeding the standard decreased year by year. The main indicators exceeding the standard were total coliform, total number of colonies, turbidity, fluoride and nitrate. There was no significant difference in the qualified rate of water samples between the wet season and the dry season in each year (P>0.05). The qualified rate of conventionally treated water samples(69.88%) was higher than that of only disinfected water samples (51.53%) (P<0.05). Conclusion The water quality of municipal water plants in Shaanxi Province had improved year by year from 2016 to 2018. The main over-standard indicators are disinfectant indicators and microbial indicators. Excessive fluoride and nitrate nitrogen should be paid attention to in local areas.