不同年龄段高血压患者家庭血压测量及其健康宣教情况分析

背景　家庭血压测量是血压管理的重要手段，规范家庭血压测量是调整降压药物的基础，不同年龄及对高血压健康宣教知识了解程度的差异对家庭血压测量有明显影响。目的　了解不同年龄段高血压患者家庭血压测量及其健康宣教情况。方法　选取2017年3—5月在中国人民解放军南部战区总医院参加健康体检的高血压患者385例进行横断面调查，内容包括基线资料（性别、年龄、生命体征、既往疾病史、检验结果等）及家庭血压测量频率、测量时间、参加高血压相关健康教育情况。按照年龄分为中年组（年龄<65岁）、老年组（65~79岁）、高龄组（≥80岁），比较不同年龄段高血压患者家庭血压测量及其健康宣教情况。结果　中年组、老年组、高龄组患者家庭血压测量率分别为62.9%（78/124）、66.5%（119/179）、68.3%（56/82），三组比较差异无统计学意义（χ2趋势=0.689，P=0.406）。中年组、老年组、高龄组有家庭血压测量患者，测量频率比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.100），测量时间比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.639）。中年组、老年组、高龄组患者最近1年参加过高血压相关知识宣教者占比增加，差异有统计学意义（P=0.002）；遵循医生建议记录血压数据并带回复诊者占比增加，差异有统计学意义（P=0.005）；但降压目标知晓率比较，差异无统计学意义（P=0.402）。结论　广州市社区高血压患者家庭血压测量频率、时间不规范，接受高血压健康教育比例低，医护人员在日后工作中除制定降压治疗方案外应加强患者的健康教育，根据其年龄制定不同防治方案及健康教育内容，促进其形成正确的血压测量行为。

Home Blood Pressure Monitoring and Health Education Analysis in Hypertensive Patients of Different Ages

Background　Home blood pressure measurement is an important means of blood pressure management.Standardizing home blood pressure measurements is the basis for adjusting antihypertensive drugs.Age and hypertension health education have significant impacts on home blood pressure measurement.Objective　To investigate home blood pressure monitoring and health education in hypertensive patients of different ages in General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command.Methods　A total of 385 hypertensive patients who had health examination in a community of Guangzhou were selected from March to May 2017.The research content included baseline data（sex，age，vital signs，history of past diseases，test results，etc.）and the frequency，time of home blood pressure monitoring and hypertension related health education.According to age，they were divided into middle-aged group（age<65 years），elderly group（65-79 years），and senile group（over 80 years），to compare the home blood pressure measurement and health education of hypertension patients in different age groups.Results　The rate of home blood pressure monitoring was 62.9%（78/124），66.5%（119/179）and 68.3%（56/82），and there was no significant difference among the three groups（χ2trend=0.689，P=0.406）．There was no significant difference in the frequency of home blood pressure measurements among the three groups（P=0.100）．There was no significant difference in home blood pressure measurement time among the three groups（P=0.639）．There was a significant difference in receiving health education in recent one year（P=0.002）．There was a significant difference in recording blood pressure data and reporting it to doctors in follow-up visits between the middle-aged group，the elderly group and the senile group（P=0.005）．There was no significant difference in the awareness rate of anti-hypertensive targets among the three groups of hypertension patients（P=0.402）．Conclusion　The frequency and time of home blood pressure measurement in Guangzhou were not standardized and the awareness of hypertension education was poor.In the future，doctors and nurses need to provide patients with treatment scheme for blood pressure，strengthen health education for patients，formulate different prevention and treatment programs and health education according to age and promote the formation of correct blood pressure monitoring behavior pattern.