德国全科医师培训教学模式和考核评价体系介绍及其对中国的启示

德国全科医师的培训制度经过多年的探索和完善，目前已经形成了一套系统化、规范化、科学化的教学及考核评价反馈体系。我国全科医师培训起步晚，亟待规范、完善和发展。本文梳理了在德国学习全科医学培训时期的模式和考核体系，德国全科医师培养采用以CanMEDS框架（Canada Medical Education Direction System）为基础的学习模式，采用反馈-培训机制，通过建立可信任的专业活动（EPAs），来落实核心能力导向的医学教育训练与评估，常用的考核方式主要为标准化病人（SP）考核和直接观察操作技能考核（DOPS），这对我国的全科培训制度的完善有很好的借鉴意义。

Teaching Model and Evaluation System of General Practice Training in Germany and Its Enlightenment to China

After years of exploration and improvement，the general practice（GP） training system of Germany has formed a systematic，standardized and scientific feedback system of teaching and assessment evaluation.GP training in China starts late and needs to be standardized，improved and developed urgently.This paper summarized the model and assessment system of general practice training in Germany，and found that the Germany general practitioners used a learning model based on the Canada Medical Education Direction System（CanMEDS） ．It adopted feedback-training mechanism and implemented core competence-oriented medical education training and evaluation by Entrustable Professional Activities（EPAs） ．Standardized patient（SP） assessment and direct observation of procedural skills（DOPS） are commonly used in medical education training and evaluation，which can be used for reference to improve the general practice training system in China.