住院新失能老人出院前家庭照顾者的照顾能力状况及其影响因素

目的：探讨住院新失能老人出院前家庭照顾者照顾能力状况及其影响因素，为护理人员采取针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法：采用便利抽样法，选取2017年7月至2018年5月在温州医科大学附属第一医院和温州医科大学附属台州医院住院的新失能老人及其家庭照顾者为研究对象，采用一般资料调查表、照顾者照顾能力量表对研究对象进行调查。分析人口社会学资料、疾病资料等各因素对照顾者照顾能力的影响，用多元线性逐步回归分析的方法探讨照顾者照顾能力的主要影响因素。结果：照顾者照顾能力总分为15.0±6.8，高于香港地区常模，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；多元线性逐步回归分析的结果显示，影响家庭照顾者照顾能力的因素主要有患者自评经济水平、入院时自理能力，以及照顾者的文化程度和日均照顾时间（P＜0.05），可解释照顾者照顾能力总变异的32%。结论：住院新失能老人出院前家庭照顾者照顾能力处于较低水平，护理人员应特别加强对入院时自理能力低、经济收入低的新失能老人的照顾者以及文化程度低、照顾时间短的照顾者的指导。

Analysis on the care ability status and its influencing factors of family caregivers for the hospitalized newly disabled elderly before discharge

Objective: To explore the status and influencing factors of care ability of family caregivers for the newly disabled elderly in hospital before discharge, and to provide basis for nursing staff to take pertinent intervention measures. Methods: Using the convenient sampling method, this study recruited 206 hospitalized newly disabled elderly patients and their caregivers from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University from July 2017 to May 2018. General information questionnaire and family caregiver task inventory were used to investigate these participants. The influencing factors of caregivers' care ability including demographic sociological data, disease data and others were analyzed. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the main influencing factors. Results: The total score of caregivers’ care ability was 15.0±6.8, with significant differences (P<0.05) compared with the Hong Kong norm. The results of multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the factors affecting the care ability of family caregivers mainly include the patients’ economic level, self-care ability on admission and the education level and average daily care time of the caregiver, accounting for 32% of the total variation of caregivers’ care ability. Conclusion: Family caregivers’ care ability for the hospitalized newly disabled elderly is at low level before discharge. Nursing staff should give particular guide to the caregivers for the disabled elderly with low self-care ability on admission and poor economic conditions, and also to the caregivers with low educational level and short care time.