中国老年人失能情况及影响因素研究

背景　失能严重影响老年人的生活质量，也给医疗卫生服务和长期照护带来挑战。预计到2020年，我国失能老年人将达到4 600万，其中22.5%的失能老年人无法完成日常活动。因此，了解我国老年人的失能情况及影响因素十分必要。目的　了解我国老年人失能情况及其影响因素。方法　以2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）数据为基础，应用工具性日常生活活动能力（IADL）评价7 773例60岁以上老年人的失能情况，应用Logistic回归模型分析我国老年人失能的影响因素。结果　7 773例老年人中，失能老年人2 275例（29.27%）。不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、受教育程度、居住地类型、个人年收入、饮酒、吸烟、睡眠障碍、情绪低落情况的老年人IADL失能率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示，高龄、低的受教育程度和年收入、饮酒>1次/月、睡眠障碍及情绪低落是老年人失能的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论　我国老年人失能率较高，低收入、高龄、低的受教育程度、大量饮酒、睡眠障碍及情绪低落是老年人失能的主要预测指标，应为高危老年人提供旨在减少功能丧失的最佳健康教育政策。

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Disability in Elders Living in China

Background　Disability seriously impairs the quality of life of the elderly，and also poses challenges to healthcare services and long-term care.It is estimated that the number of elders with disability living in China will reach 46 million by 2020，22.5 percent of whom cannot complete daily activities.Therefore，it is necessary to explore the prevalence of disability and associated factors in Chinese elders.Objective　This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of disability in the elderly in China.Methods　We used the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study（CHARLS） conducted in 2015 and evaluated the prevalence of disability in 7 773 cases over 60 years old using Instrumental Activities of Daily Living （IADL）.We used Logistic regression models to identify the associated factors for disability in elders.Results　The prevalence of disability was 29.27%（2 275/7 773）.Sex，age，marital status，education level，place of residence（rural or urban areas），annual personal income，monthly frequency of drinking alcohol，tobacco consumption，prevalence of sleeping disorders and depression were significantly related to prevalence of IADL disabilities（P<0.001）.Logistic regression showed that advanced age，low education level，low annual personal income，drinking alcohol at least once per month，sleep disorders，and depression were risk factors of IADL disabilities（P<0.05）.Conclusion　The prevalence of disability in elders is high in China.Low annual personal income，advanced age，low education level，heavy drinking，sleep disorders，and depression are the main risk factors of disability.Optimal health education policies aiming at decreasing disability should be provided for high-risk elders.