The medical and surgical management of recurrent miscarriage |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Doctoral Academic Study, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;2. Department for Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovica 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;3. Public Health Institute Kragujevac, Nikole Pasica 1, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;4. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;5. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;1. Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in University of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China;2. Jinan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250316, PR China;1. Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;2. Student’s Research Committee, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;3. Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;4. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;5. Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;6. Gynecology Department, Eastern Azerbaijan ACECR ART center, Eastern Azerbaijan branch of ACECR, Tabriz, Iran;7. Women''s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;8. Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;1. Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland;2. Department of Surgical, Endoscopic and Oncologic Gynecology, Polish Mothers’ Memorial Hospital–Research Institute, ul. Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338 Łódź, Poland;3. First Chair and Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Pl. Starynkiewcza 1/3, 02-015 Warszawa, Poland;4. Department of Surgical and Oncological Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, Al. Kościuszki 4, 90-419 Łódź, Poland;1. Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China;2. Renal Division, Shanxi Medical University Second Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China;3. Department of Population Health & Primary Care, Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom;4. The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;1. Gynecology Department, Eastern Azerbaijan ACECR ART Center, Eastern Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR, Tabriz, Iran;2. Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;3. Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;4. Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;5. Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;6. Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden;7. Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;8. Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Recurrent miscarriage is suffered by 1% of couples. It is extremely distressing causing stress to the woman and her family. A careful history and investigation can elicit a cause in around 50% of cases. Early pregnancy support and targeted treatments can increase the likelihood of success to approximately 80% in the subsequent pregnancy. Possible treatments include psychological support, aspirin, hCG injections and cervical cerclage, but these need to be considered carefully and explained fully to the couple before being tried. Extravagant claims and inappropriate, potentially dangerous therapies must be avoided. Management is best performed in specialized units with experience in this area. |
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