PD-1/PD-L1与脓毒症的免疫紊乱

 脓毒症（sepsis）在1991年初次被定义为感染所致的机体全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）。2016年脓毒症国际共识更新至Sepsis 3.0，即由感染所致宿主免疫反应失调引起的威胁生命的器官功能障碍。在脓毒症免疫抑制阶段，程序性死亡受体1（programmed cell death protein-1，PD-1）与程序性死亡受体-配体1（programmed cell death 1 ligand 1，PD-L1）相结合能够抑制部分免疫细胞活化增殖从而达到负性调节免疫系统的作用。本综述主要围绕脓毒症中PD-1/PD-L1在T细胞、树突状细胞（DCs）、单核细胞、巨噬细胞等免疫细胞发挥免疫功能中的作用，以及对抗PD-1/PD-L1抗体疗法的应用前景进行阐述。

PD-1/PD-L1 and immune disorders in sepsis

In 1991, sepsis was first defined as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) caused by infection. International consensus on sepsis was updated to Sepsis 3.0 in 2016, which is the life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the host immune response disorder due to infection. During the immunosuppressive stage of sepsis, the combination of programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) can inhibit the activation and proliferation of some immune cells, resulting in negative regulation of the immune system. This review mainly focuses on the role of PD-1/PD-L1 in the immune function of T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, macrophages and other immune cells during sepsis, as well as application prospect of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody therapy in sepsis.