中国人群低血压患病率及影响因素研究

目的了解我国人群低血压的患病率、危险因素以及低血压对心血管病的影响。方法　利用1991年全国血压抽样调查的资料，进行低血压的横断面分析。低血压的定义为收缩压(SBP)≤98mmHg并且舒张压(DBP)≤60mmHg。结果男性和女性的低血压患病率分别为2.70％和7.36％，女性明显高于男性（P<0.01）。从低年龄组到高年龄组（15～、25～、35～、45～、55～、65～岁），低血压的患病率分别为7.62%、6.97%、4.40%、3.22%、2.65%、1.94％，随年龄的增加，低血压的患病率呈下降趋势。不同民族低血压患病率变异大。低血压患病率在地区分布上呈现南高北低的现象。Logistic回归分析显示，年龄、体重指数、饮酒、心率与低血压状态呈负相关，女性比男性更易患低血压。低血压人群的脑卒中和心肌梗死患病率明显低于正常血压和高血压人群。提示我国人群低血压的患病率变异较大，影响因素较多；低血压可能是一种正常的生理现象，但它对于健康的确切影响需要进行前瞻性研究才能证实。

Prevalence and Relevant Risk Factors of Low Blood Pressure in China

Objective　 To study the prevalence and relevant risk factors of low blood pressure and its influence on cardiovascular diseases in China. Methods　A cross-sectional study for low blood pressure was conducted using the data of the third national survey of blood pressure in 1991. Low blood pressure was defined for systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) pressure less than the tenth percentile for the sample (SBP≤98mmHg and DBP≤60mmHg). Results　The prevalence of low blood pressure for males and females were 2.7% and 7.4%, respectively. The prevalence of low blood pressure for females was higher than that of males (P<0.01). Prevalence of low blood pressure was 7.62%, 6.97%, 4.40%, 3.22%, 2.65%, 1.94% for age groups 15～, 25～, 35～, 45～, 55～, 65～, respectively. The prevalence of low blood pressure was gradually declined with aging. There was large variation in the prevalence of low blood pressure for different minorities. The prevalence of low blood pressure was higher in the southern rather than the northern part of China. Logistic regression showed that the age (OR 0.97, 95%CI 0.97～0.98, per 10 mmHg), BMI (OR 0.80, 95%CI 0.80～0.81), drinking (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.86～0.93) and heart rate (OR 0.981, 95%CI 0.980～0.982) had reverse relationship with low blood pressure. The sex had a positive relationship with low blood pressure. The prevalence of stroke and myocardial infarction in the population with low blood pressure was lower than that of normal pressure or hypertension (P<0.01).Conclusion　The prevalence and relevant risk factors of low blood pressure in China were various. We speculate that low blood pressure in Chinese population appears to be a normal state of physiology.The difinite influence in health needs cohort studies to confirm.