全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗肺部疾病

目的探讨全电视胸腔镜（VATS）下肺叶切除治疗肺部疾病的可行性、近期疗效，总结围手术期处理经验。方法回顾分析我科2006年3月至2007年11月，采用不撑开肋骨、完全在电视胸腔镜下完成肺叶切除56例，其中施行右肺上叶切除12例，右肺中叶3例，右肺下叶15例；左肺上叶9例，左肺下叶14例；双肺叶3例（右肺中上叶1例、中下叶2例）；恶性肿瘤患者同期行纵隔及肺门淋巴结清扫。结果全组56例患者中52例（92．8％）在全胸腔镜下顺利完成肺叶切除及淋巴结清扫，手术时间45～168min（107±29min）；术中失血量50～310ml（121±32m1）；2例（3．6％）延长手术切口至8cm左右，在电视胸腔镜辅助下完成手术；2例（3．6％）因肺门解剖困难需行全肺切除或术中出血而中转为开胸手术。术后病理诊断为肺癌39例，结核瘤7例，炎性假瘤4例，硬化性血管瘤4例，支气管扩张1例，转移性软骨肉瘤1例。无手术死亡。术后发生中叶肺不张1例，经纤维支气管镜吸痰后痊愈；肺轻度漏气2例，未经治疗均于3d内痊愈。术后住院时间8～14d（8．9±3．1d）。结论全胸腔镜下肺叶切除治疗肺部疾病更加微创，且手术安全可行，术后并发症少、恢复快。

Lobectomy for Pulmonary Diseases by Complete Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

Objective To investigate the feasibility, curative effect and peri-operative treatments of lobectomy for pulmonary diseases by complete video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery （VATS）. Methods Fifty-six patients of pulmonary diseases were treated with thoracoscopic lobectomy （including mediastinal and hilar lymph node dissection for malignant diseases） from March 2006 to November 2007 in our Department. Twelve right upper lobectomy, three right middle lobectomy, fifteen right lower lobectomy, nine left upper lobectomy, fourteen left lower lobectomy and three bilobectomy were carried out. The bilobectomy included one right upper and middle lobectomy, two right middle and lower lobectomy. Mediastinal and hilar lymph node dissection was simultaneously performed in the malignant cases. The feasibility, safety and postoperative complications were retrospectively analyzed. Results Fifty-two patients （92. 8%） were performed successfully by complete VATS. The median operative duration and blood loss were respectively 107±29min（from 45min to 168min） and 121±32 ml（from 50ml to 310ml）. The incision in two cases （3.6%） were elongated to around 8 cm, the ribs were retracted, and the operations were completed by the help of VATS. Another two patients （3.6%） were changed to conventional thoracotomy for pneumonectomy or hemostasis. The postoperative pathology diagnosis was lung cancer in thirty nine, tuberculoma in seven, inflammatory pseudo-tumor in four, indurative angioma in four, bronchiectasis in one and metastasic chondrosarcoma in one. There was no surgical mortality. One case suffered from atelectasis in the middle lobe postoperatively and was cured by phlegm suction with bronchoscopy. Two air leakage healed automatically in three days. No other severe complications was observed. The average postoperative hospitalization was 8. 9 ± 3. 1 d （from 8 d to 14 d）. Conelusion Lobectomy for pulmonary diseases by complete VATS is technically fieasible, safe, minimally invasive with less complication