阿尔茨海默病与血管性痴呆的磁共振成像和脑电图特征比较

目的比较阿尔茨海默病(AD)与血管性痴呆(VD)头颅磁共振成像(MRI)和脑电图特征。方法观察39 例AD患者、56例VD患者的头颅MRI和脑电图资料。MRI比较大脑萎缩、海马萎缩、脑白质疏松症的比例；脑电图比较轻度异常和中重度异常的比例，进行功率谱分析。结果与VD患者相比，AD患者大脑萎缩、海马萎缩的发生率较高，脑白质疏松症发生率较低。AD患者脑电图中重度异常的较多，(θ+δ)/(α+β)比值增高(P<0.05)。结论单纯大脑萎缩而缺乏脑白质疏松症和缺血灶的痴呆患者应高度怀疑AD，脑电图出现中重度异常则进一步支持AD的诊断。

Characteristics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Electroencephalogram in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease or Vascular Demen-tia

Objective To compare the features of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) to differentiate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). Methods It was analyzed of the MRI and EEG from 39 patients with AD and 56 patients with VD, to compare the proportion of cerebral atrophy, hippocampal atrophy and leukoaraiosis in MRI, and the proportion of the moderate to severe disorder of EEG and the power spectrum. Results The proportion of cerebral atrophy and hippocampal atrophy was more and leukoaraiosis was less in the AD group than those in the VD group. The proportion of the moderate to severe disorder of EEG increased in AD group, and the ratio of (θ+δ)/(α+β) of whole brain was more in the AD group than in the VD group (P<0.05). Conclusion It is more likely to be AD in dementia patients with atrophy without leukoaraiosis and cerebral ischemic lesions, especially for those with severe abnormal EEG.